Native Plants

Gnetum gnemon

Belinjau
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LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2011
NE
Gnetum gnemon var. gnemon Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
NE
Gnetum gnemon var. brunonianum Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
NE
Gnetum gnemon var. griffithii Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
NE
Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
QR Code
SSN 14913
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Taxonomy

  • Kingdom
    Plantae
  • Division
    Gnetophyta
  • Class
    Gnetopsida
  • Order
    Gnetales
  • Family
    Gnetaceae   Gnetums
  • Genus
    Gnetum
  • Specific Epithet
    gnemon L.
  • Infraspecific
    • var. brunonianum
    • var. gnemon
    • var. griffithii (Parl.) Markgr.
    • var. tenerum Markgr.
  • Synonym
    1. Gnemon ovalifolia (Poir.) Kuntze
    2. Gnetum ovalifolium Poir.
    3. Gnetum sylvestre Brongn.
    4. Gnetum vinosum Elmer
  • Vernacular Name
    1. Bago (Malay)
    2. Belinjau (Malay)
    3. Buah Maninjau (Malay)
    4. Buko (English)
    5. Congkak (Malay)
    6. Malinjau (Malay)
    7. Melinjau (Malay)
    8. Melinjau Hutan (Malay)
    9. Meninjau (Malay)
    10. Sabung (Malay)
    11. Songkok (Malay)
    12. Spanish Joint-fir (English)
  • Residential
    Native
The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description
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So far we know little about the species, apart from its appearance.

Habitats
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No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest
 Marginal Unknown
2
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
 Suitable Unknown
3
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
 Suitable Unknown
4
Shrubland → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Shrubland
 Suitable Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment
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Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Least Concern (LC)
3.1
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Gnetum gnemon var. griffithii
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Gnetum gnemon var. gnemon
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Gnetum gnemon var. brunonianum
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A

Location
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by State Location
  • Johore 1
  • Kelantan 1
  • Negeri Sembilan 1
  • Pahang 1
  • Selangor 4
  • Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur 2
by Protected Areas Location
  • Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images

Specimen
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Collection Center   Total
Herbarium Collection
University of Malaya
Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur
32
Koleksi Tumbuhan Taman Botani Perdana Kuala Lumpur
Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur
Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur
12
Koleksi Tumbuhan Taman Rimba Alam Putrajaya
Putrajaya Corporation
Federal Territories of Putrajaya
1
USM Herbarium Collection
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Penang
4

Article
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Blogs

Conservation Malaysia Issue No 31 (2020)
 
Newsletter

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae)

References
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Article
  1. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M. & Tang, L.K. (2014). A Depository of Lowland Forest Tree Species Established on a Brown-Filled Site in Ara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 29, 55-60
  2. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K. & Hazarimmah, S.O. (2017). Increasing Tree Diversity Index through Planting of 30 Indigenous Rainforest Tree on a 5 ha Slime Tailings. An Introduction to ABS: Access to biological resources and the sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation, 102-106
  3. Barua, C.C., Haloi, P. & Barua, I.C. (2015). Gnetum gnemon Linn.: A comprehensive review on its biological, pharmacological and pharmacognostical potentials. International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemical Research 7 (3), 531-539. http://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPPR/7/IJPPR,Vol7,Issue3,Article24.pdf
  4. Chua, L.S.L., Chung, R.C.K., Sam, Y.Y., Chan, Y.C., Kamarudin, S., Moorthy, M., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Hamidah, M. & Lau, K.H. (2006). A Checklist of Seed Plants at Gunung Aais Forest Reserve, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 59 (2), 121-152
  5. Kato, M., Inoue, T. & Nagamitsu, T. (1995). Pollination biology of Gnetum (Gnetaceae) in a Lowland Mixed Dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. American Journal of Botany 82 (7), 862-868. http://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb15702.x
  6. Kato, M., Inoue, T. & Nagamitsu, T. (1995). Pollination biology of Gnetum (Gnetaceae) in a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest of Sarawak. American Journal of Botany 82 (7), 862-868. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb15702.x
  7. Kiew, R. & Lim, C.L. (2020). Checklist of vascular plants of Klang Gates Quartz Ridge, Malaysia, a 14-km long quartz dyke. Phytokeys (166), 57-77. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.166.55778 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  8. Kochummen, K.M., LaFrankie Jr., J.V. & Manokaran, N. (1990). Floristic Composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, A Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3 (1), 1-13. http://www.frim.gov.my/v1/jtfsonline/jtfs/v3n1/1-13.pdf
  9. Latiff, A., Faridah-Hanum, I., Zainudin Ibrahim, A., Goh, M.W.K., Loo, A.H.B. & Tan, H.T.W. (1999). On the Vegetation and Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 11-72
  10. Lim, C.L., Siti Munirah, M.Y. & Kiew, R. (2009). Botany of the Berembun Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 61 (2), 143-189. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chung_Lim4/publication/260079848_Botany_of_the_Berembun_Forest_Reserve_Negeri_Sembilan_Malaysia/links/5539afe80cf226723aba323a.pdf
  11. Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Kiew, R., Kamin, I. & Chung, R.C.K. (2017). Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem. 2 (e13708), 41. http://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e13708 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  12. Saw, L.G., LaFrankie Jr., J.V., Kochummen, K.M. & Yap, S.K. (1991). Fruit Trees in a Malaysian Rain Forest. Economic Botany 45 (1), 120-136. http://160.111.248.55/Public/pdfs/La%20Frankie_1991_EconBot.pdf
Book
  1. Island Life: A Natural History of Pulau Tengah, Johor, Malaysia, 2018. WS Lifestyle, Singapore. pp. 163.
  2. Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
  3. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Hutan Simpan Gunung Belumut, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 271.
  4. Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
  5. Aman, R. (2001). Buah-buahan Nadir Semenanjung Malaysia. Percetakan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 142, 178.
  6. Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
  7. Boo, C.M., Omar-Hor, K. & Ou-Yang, C.L. (2003). 1001 Garden Plants in Singapore. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 501.
  8. Chew, M.Y., Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Yap, J.W., Sam, Y.Y. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Wayside Trees: The Natural Pillars and Roofs of the Perdana Botanical Garden. Kuala Lumpur City Hall and Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 182.
  9. Lim, T.K. (2012). Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Fruits, Volume 3. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. pp. 732-737.
  10. Nik Musa'adah, M., Nik Zanariah, N.M., Nor Azah, M.A. & Norini, H. (2017). Khazanah Perubatan Melayu: Tumbuhan Ubatan Jilid 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. xxiv, 519.
  11. Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
  12. Tan, A.L., Ummu, H.B., Madihah, M.N., Fadzureena, J. & Norbaiah, M.Y. (2020). Ulaman & Herba Masakan di FRIM. Amalan Tradisi & Khasiat Ubatan. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 290.
  13. Wong, K.M. & Mustapha, M. (1997). The Rimba Ilmu - The University of Malaya's Garden of a Thousand Species - an introduction to Malaysia's first university botanic garden. pp. 31.
  14. Zawiah, N. & Othaman, H. (2012). 99 Spesies Buah di FRIM. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Malaysia. pp. 22-23 78-79, 256.
Magazine/Bulletin
  1. BGjournal, Vol. 14 (2), 7/2017. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)
  2. Conservation Malaysia (31), 2020. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Newsletter
  1. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, December). FRIM in Focus. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived March 14, 2018, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/2074 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Online
  1. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
  2. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org

Publications
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Conservation Malaysia (31), 2020
Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong (2018)
FRIM in Focus (December 2017)
Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem 2 (e13708), 8/2017

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23 records

Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mr. Azim Rabbani Bin Syed Sultan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Mrs. Faridah Anas, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mr. Mohamad Amini Bin Nordin, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Mrs. Norzielawati Bt. Salleh, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Siti Nur Najihah Musa, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- FRIM, Norzielawati Salleh, Tan Kok Kiat, Tan Sin Hoong & Yasser Arifin

Species Citation :- Gnetum gnemon. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/14913. [Retrieved 27 March 2023].

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