Native Plants
Ixonanthes icosandra
Pagar Anak
NE
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Division
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epitheticosandra Jack
-
Vernacular Name
- Julung (Kelantan)
- Pagar Anak (Malay)
-
ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
Ixonanthes icosandra is a medium to large-sized tree belongs to the family Ixonanthaceae. The genus name, Ixonanthes derived from two Greek words, which is the combinations of ixos and anthos, meaning birdlime flower and refers to the sticky flower of the genus. The species name, icosandra also derived from two Greek words, which are eikosi and andres, meaning twenty men or clearly refer to the male part of the flowers.
Ixonanthes icosandra is known as Pagar anak in Malay, and it is widely distributed in Peninsular Malaysia. This species can be found in lowland tropical forest. This species is easily be differentiated from other by the appearance of the capsule fruit, which is much smaller and narrowing on the tips.
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Lowland Dipterocarp Forest (Malayan, Burmese)
|
Unknown | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
Structure
Fruits
3D Shape
A 3-dimensional shape that is elliptic in the vertical plane
Ellipsoid
Leaf
2D Shape
Elliptic
Leaf Apex
2D Shape
Having a short sharp apex
Acute
Leaf Base
2D Shape
Cuneate
Location
by State Location
- Kedah 1
- Negeri Sembilan 1
- Pahang 3
- Selangor 2
- Terengganu 3
- Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur 1
by Protected Areas Location
- Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||||||
| 4 | ||||||
| 1 | ||||||
| 3 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution, Forest, History, Law and Policy, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Science
|
|
Alona Cuevas Linatoc (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Coral Reefs, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Geoinformatics, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas, Science, Technology & Water
|
|
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Palms, Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution & Forest
|
|
Avelinah Julius (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Chan Yoke Mui (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation, Biodiversity, Forest & Genetics
|
|
Cheah Yih Horng (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Moss, Vascular,
Biodiversity & Systematics
|
|
Chew Ming Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
E. Soepadmo (Prof.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Vascular,
|
|
|
John Baptist Sugau (Mr.)
Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Vascular,
Agriculture, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Lau Kah Hoo (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular, Ginger,
Conservation
|
|
Lillian Chua Swee Lian (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation
|
|
Lim Chung Lu (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Mahani Bt. Mansor Clyde (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular, Vascular, Amphibians, Amphibians,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Climate Change, Protected Areas & Forest
|
|
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
|
Vascular,
Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Evolution, Genetics, Molecular & Systematics
|
|
Mohd Nazre Salleh @ Japri (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity
|
|
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
|
Vascular, Pitcher plants,
Agriculture, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Science, Systematics & Taxonomy
|
|
Nadiah Idris (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Norzielawati Bt. Salleh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Forest & Protected Areas
|
|
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest & Management
|
|
Ong Poh Teck (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Orchids,
|
|
Rafidah Abdul Rahman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Richard Chung Cheng Kong (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Orchids (Taxonomy), Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Forest, Management, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Sam Yen Yen (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Ginger,
|
|
Saw Leng Guan (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Shamsul Khamis (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Taxonomy
|
|
Siti Aishah Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Marine & Coastal
|
|
Suhaida Mustafa (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Syahida Emiza Suhaimi (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Syazwani Bt. Azeman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Science
|
|
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
|
Orchids, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics & Molecular
|
|
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Agriculture & Biodiversity
|
|
Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Wendy Yong Sze Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation & Biodiversity
|
|
Yao Tze Leong (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Ecosystems
|
|
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Moss, Vascular (Taxonomy), Ferns (Taxonomy),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution & Taxonomy
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Jaman, R. & Latiff, A. (1999). The Pteridophyte Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 77-100
- Kochummen, K.M., LaFrankie Jr., J.V. & Manokaran, N. (1990). Floristic Composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, A Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3 (1), 1-13. http://www.frim.gov.my/v1/jtfsonline/jtfs/v3n1/1-13.pdf
- Latiff, A., Faridah-Hanum, I., Zainudin Ibrahim, A., Goh, M.W.K., Loo, A.H.B. & Tan, H.T.W. (1999). On the Vegetation and Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 11-72
- Lim, C.L., Siti Munirah, M.Y. & Kiew, R. (2009). Botany of the Berembun Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 61 (2), 143-189. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chung_Lim4/publication/260079848_Botany_of_the_Berembun_Forest_Reserve_Negeri_Sembilan_Malaysia/links/5539afe80cf226723aba323a.pdf
- Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Kiew, R., Kamin, I. & Chung, R.C.K. (2017). Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem. 2 (e13708), 41. http://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e13708 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Book
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
- Abdullah, M.T., Nur Amalina, A, Amirah Azizah, Z, Nur Izzah, I.A. & Roslan, A. (2019). Tasik Kenyir: Stunning Beauty And Its Biodiversity. Penerbit UMT.
- Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
- Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
- Faridah-Hanum, I. & Shamsul, K. (2004). A guide to the common plants of Ayer Hitam Forest, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malaysia. pp. 220.
- Jamilah, M.S. & Faridah, M. (2011). A Biological Assessment of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, Terengganu and Nearby Ecosystem. Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. pp. 1-84.
- Lim, H.F. & Ismail, J. (1994). The Uses Of Non-Timber Forest Products In Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia.. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 132.
- Nik Musa'adah, M., Nik Zanariah, N.M., Nor Azah, M.A. & Norini, H. (2017). Khazanah Perubatan Melayu: Tumbuhan Ubatan Jilid 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. xxiv, 519.
- Phang, S.M., Affendi, Y.A., Ooi, J.L.S. & Haji, A.J.M. (2008). Natural History of The Pulau Tioman Group of Islands. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 292.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Sahidin, A.R., Nor, S.M., Jalil, M.S., Razani, U., Nik Mohd. Shah, N.M. & Latiff, A. (2005). Gunung Nuang, Selangor: Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 221.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Che, H.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Jalil, M.S., Norhaidi, Y. & Latiff, A. (2005). Hutan Simpan Ulu Muda, Kedah: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 310.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
Chapter in book
- Jamilah, M.S., Muhamad Razali, S., Norhayati, Y., Kasawami, I., Nursalwa, B., Aziz, A. & Ahmad Farid, A.F. (2011). Brief Floristic Descriptions of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, BRIS Ecosystem and Melaleuca Swamps of Terengganu. In Jamilah, M.S. & Faridah, M. (Eds.), A Biological Assessment of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, Terengganu and Nearby Ecosystem. Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. pp. 1-23.
Journal
- Malayan Nature Journal, Volume 73, Issue 3, p. 419, 2021
Magazine/Bulletin
- Identification and Utilization Of Lesser-Known Commercial Timbers In Peninsular Malaysia 12: Pagar Anak, Pepauh, Pepijat And Pepulut. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
- ASEAN Biodiversity Magazine, Vol. 12 (2), 5/2013. ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Ms. Anissa Huda Binti Rosli, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Dr. Farizawati Sabri, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Heng Pooi San, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohamad Amini Bin Nordin, Mr. Nabil Arif Bin Abdul Naim, Ms. Noorazila Binti Azmi, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurliyana Binti Abd Rahman, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Mrs. Sarah Nabila Binti Rosli, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Imin Kamin
Species Citation :- Ixonanthes icosandra. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/16393. [Retrieved 05 June 2023].
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