Native Plants

Neobalanocarpus heimii

Chengal
EN
Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2017
NT
Near Threatened
Malaysia Plant Red List
Peninsular Malaysia ver 3.1, 2021
QR Code
SSN 16836
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Taxonomy

The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description

Neobalanocarpus heimii, commonly known as the red balau, red meranti or chengal, is a species of hardwood tree in the Dipterocarpaceae family (Chudnoff, 1984). It is native to Southeast Asia, where it grows in lowland and hill dipterocarp forests of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia (Whitmore, 1998). The tree can reach heights of up to 50 meters (Chudnoff, 1984) and has a straight, cylindrical trunk with rough, dark brown bark (Whitmore, 1998).

The leaves of Neobalanocarpus heimii are alternate and oblong in shape, with a glossy green color and a smooth, leathery texture (Chudnoff, 1984). They are typically about 10-15 cm long and have a pointed tip (Whitmore, 1998). The flowers of the tree are small and yellow, and are followed by small, round fruit containing seeds or a wingless fruit (Chudnoff, 1984).

In addition to its ecological and economic importance, Neobalanocarpus heimii also has cultural significance in many parts of Southeast Asia. The tree is often planted around temples and other sacred sites and is considered to be a symbol of good fortune and prosperity (Whitmore, 1998). Despite its many uses and cultural significance, Neobalanocarpus heimii is threatened by habitat loss and degradation due to logging, agriculture, and other human activities (Chudnoff, 1984). Conservation efforts, such as the protection of natural habitats and the promotion of sustainable land use practices, are necessary to ensure the long-term survival of this species.

Habitats

No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Forest → Hill Dipterocarp Forest
Unknown Unknown
2
Forest → Lowland Dipterocarp Forest (Malayan, Burmese)
Unknown Unknown
3
Forest → Lowland Dipterocarp Forest (Malayan, Burmese)
Unknown Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment

Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2021 Malaysia Plant Red List
Near Threatened (NT)
Peninsular Malaysia
3.1
2017 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Endangered (EN)
3.1
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Near Threatened (NT)
N/A
1998 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Vulnerable (VU)
2.3

Biodiversity Experts

Profile
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • History
  • Law and Policy
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Coral Reefs
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Geoinformatics
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Technology
  • Water
  • PM
  • SBH
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • PM
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Climate Change
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
  • Vascular
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • SBH
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular
  • Vascular
  • Amphibians
  • Amphibians
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Climate Change
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Vascular
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Systematics
  • PM
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
  • Vascular
  • Pitcher plants
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Science
  • Systematics
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • PM
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • PM
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Forest
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Orchids (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • Climate Change
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
  • Orchids
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • PM
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Moss
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Ferns (Taxonomy)
  • Protected Areas
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Evolution
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;

References

Article
  1. Ahmad, M.N., Hale, M., Abdul Khalil, H.P.S. & Suryani, S. (2013). Changes in Extractive Content on Wood Surfaces of Chengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) and Effects on Performance. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25 (3), 278-288
  2. Ahmad Fauzi, M.S., Mohd Zaki, A., Suhaida, M., Amir Saaiffudin, K. & Faizan, Z.H. (2017). Ex-situ Conservation of Dipterocarp Species in Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 80-84
  3. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M. & Tang, L.K. (2017). Domestication of Ten Endemic, Endangered and Threatened Tree Species in a Degraded Terrestrial Ecosystem in Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 114-118
  4. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K. & Hazarimmah, S.O. (2017). Increasing Tree Diversity Index through Planting of 30 Indigenous Rainforest Tree on a 5 ha Slime Tailings. An Introduction to ABS: Access to biological resources and the sharing of benefits arising from their utilisation, 102-106
  5. Ang, L.H. (2017). Successful Greening Models of Some Disturbed Sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 6-14
  6. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K., Kang, H.S. & Lee, D.K. (2017). Survival and Vegetative Growth of Some Selected Rainforest Tree Species inter-planted under Hopea odorata Stand at Slime Tailings in Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 107-113
  7. Ho, W.M., Ang, L.H., Tang, L.K. & Siti Zaharah, M.I. (2017). Can ex-tin mine be a depository for indigenous and red list species?. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 119-123
  8. Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K., Ang, L.H., Kang, H.S. & Lee, D.K. (2014). Enrichment Planting in a Greened Slime Tailings in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 29, 73-76
  9. Kochummen, K.M., LaFrankie Jr., J.V. & Manokaran, N. (1990). Floristic Composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, A Lowland Rain Forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3 (1), 1-13. http://www.frim.gov.my/v1/jtfsonline/jtfs/v3n1/1-13.pdf
  10. Latiff, A., Faridah-Hanum, I., Zainudin Ibrahim, A., Goh, M.W.K., Loo, A.H.B. & Tan, H.T.W. (1999). On the Vegetation and Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 11-72
  11. Ng, F.S.P (2013). Age of Trees in Tropical Rainforest Estimated by Timing of Wood Decay. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25 (3), 437-441
  12. Roszaini, K., Norazah, M.A., Soit, Z. & Khamaruddin, Z. (2014). Anti-termitic potential of heartwood and bark extract and chemical compounds isolated from Madhuca utilis Ridl. H. J. Lam and Neobalanocarpus heimii King P. S. Ashton. Holzforschung 68 (6), 713-720
  13. Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Kiew, R., Kamin, I. & Chung, R.C.K. (2017). Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem. 2 (e13708), 41. http://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e13708 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  14. Saw, L.G. & Sam, Y.Y. (1999). Conservation of Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 12(3): 593-615. . https://info.frim.gov.my/infocenter_applications/jtfsonline/jtfs/v12n3/593-615.pdf
  15. Shahriza, S. & Ibrahim, J. (2014). Reptiles of Lata Bukit Hijau, Kedah, Malaysia. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 36 (1), 37-44. http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/36-1/36-1-5.pdf
  16. Tnah, L.H., Lee, S.L., Ng, K.K.S., Bhassu, S. & Othman, R.Y. (2012). DNA extraction from dry wood of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic DNA profiling and timber tracking. Wood Science and Technology 46 (5), 813-825
  17. Tnah, L.H., Lee, S.L., Ng, K.K.S., Lee, C.T., Bhassu, S. & Othman, R.Y. (2013). Phylogenetic pattern and evolutionary history of an important Peninsular Malaysian timber species, Neobalanocarpus heimii. Journal of Heredity 104 (1), 115-126
  18. Watling, R. & Lee, S.S. (1995). Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia-I. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7 (4), 657-669
  19. Yamamoto, K. & Tnah, L.H. (1988). Decay Resistance of Extractives from Chengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii). Journal of Tropical Forest Science 1 (1), 51-55
Book
  1. Red List of Dipterocarpaceae, 2022. Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Richmond, UK. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  2. Terengganu: A Tale Of Extraordinary Forests, 2007. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 117.
  3. Abd. Latif, M., Awang, M.R., Mohti, A., Zawiah, N., Nordahlia, A.S., Norain, M.A & Liza, I (2020). Flora Mercu Tanda Negeri-negeri Di Malaysia. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia.
  4. Abd. Latif, M., Mohti, A., Samsudin, M. & Parlan, I. (2020). Malaysia's Tropical Rainforests - Splendour To Behold. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 212.
  5. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohamed Zin, Y., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2013). Banjaran Bintang Gunung Inas, Kedah: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 245.
  6. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
  7. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Hutan Simpan Gunung Belumut, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 271.
  8. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
  9. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
  10. Adler, P.H. (2002). A Guide to Taman Botani Putrajaya: Tropical Roots. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 13.
  11. Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
  12. Ang, L.H., Kaur, R. & Yusof, Z.A. (2012). Rimba Bidor: A Gift to Nature. Tin Tailings Afforestation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 108.
  13. Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
  14. Chew, M.Y., Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Yap, J.W., Sam, Y.Y. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Wayside Trees: The Natural Pillars and Roofs of the Perdana Botanical Garden. Kuala Lumpur City Hall and Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 182.
  15. Chua, L.S.L., Suhaida, M., Hamidah, M. & Saw, L.G. (2010). Malaysia Plant Red List: Peninsular Malaysian Dipterocarpaceae. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 73, 146. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  16. Latiff, A. (2010). Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve: Green Lung of Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 100.
  17. Ng, F.S.P (2010). 100 Years of Tropical Forest Research: The Story of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 142.
  18. Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. & MacKinven, A. (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 1-628.
  19. Phang, S.M., Affendi, Y.A., Ooi, J.L.S. & Haji, A.J.M. (2008). Natural History of The Pulau Tioman Group of Islands. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 292.
  20. Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
  21. Ratnam, L. (1995). Windows on The Forest: Glimpses of FRIM for the Nature Loving Visitor, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 143.
  22. Samsudin, M., Fletcher, C., Mohti, A., Parlan, I. & Harun, I. (2015). Grandeur Of The Tropical Rainforest In Peninsular Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia (NRE), Malaysia. pp. 204.
  23. Symington, C.F., Barlow, H.S., Ashton, P.S. & Appanah, S. (2004). Foresters' Manual of Dipterocarps. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) and Malayan Nature Society, Malaysia. pp. 340, 373-374.
  24. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Suhaida, M. & Aslina, B. (2011). Forest Research Institute Malaysia: A Sanctuary for Threatened Trees, Issue/No. 130. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 91.
  25. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 107.
  26. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 2. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 316, 753.
Journal
  1. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, Volume 32, p. 203, 1979
Magazine/Bulletin
  1. Durability of Timbers for Indoor Applications in Malaysia. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia.
  2. Equivalent Timbers Of Southeast Asia. Timber Technology Bulletin (25), 2002. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  3. Shrinkage Allowance of Some Malaysian Timbers. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  4. Conservation Malaysia (26), 2017. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  5. Conservation Malaysia (30), 2019. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  6. Timber Notes -Heavy Hardwoods (I). Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  7. Malaysian Timbers for Marine Scaffold Board Application. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
Newsletter
  1. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2010, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived May 06, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/134
  2. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2011, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 09, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/109
  3. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2012, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 16, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/127
  4. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2013, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 13, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/123
  5. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2015, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived April 14, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/191
  6. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2010, June). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived May 06, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/135
  7. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2015, June). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived September 28, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/112
  8. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2009, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 18, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/138
  9. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2010, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 09, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/99
  10. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, December). FRIM in Focus. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived March 14, 2018, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/2074 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  11. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived March 14, 2018, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/1739 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  12. Veronica, P. (2004, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 24, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/154
  13. Veronica, P. (2005, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 19, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/151
Report
  1. Dasgupta, S. & Vaughan, D. (2015). Final Report of the Project: Enhancing Understanding and Implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Asia (GCP/RAS/284/JPN). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Regional Office for Asia and The Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.

Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Ms. Anissa Huda Binti Rosli, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Mrs. Faridah Anas, Mrs. Hakimah Binti Jaafar, Mrs. Hazlina Ali, Mr. Hazrul Nizam Bin Abdul Aziz, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohamad Amini Bin Nordin, Mr. Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ahmad Azmi, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Ms. Nur Farahin Binti Mustafa, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aliya Imra Asyikin Binti Abd Murad, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- M. Hatta, Saw Leng Guan & Tan Sin Hoong

Species Citation :- Neobalanocarpus heimii. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/16836. [Retrieved 28 November 2023].

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