Native Animals

Cynopterus horsfieldii

Horsfield’s Fruit Bat
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2019
QR Code
SSN 18514
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Taxonomy

The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Gallery  

Description

Locally known as Horsfield’s fruit bat, Larger Dog-faced Fruit Bat or Cecadu Pisang Besar in Malay, Cynopterus horsfieldii is a medium-sized plant-visiting bat belonging to the family Pteropodidae (Tan et al., 1999). It is also known as the most common and abundant species in Peninsular Malaysia (Hasan et al., 2012; Jayaraj et al., 2012). In mainland South-East Asia, this species is distributed in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. It is also found in Borneo, Sumatra, Java and the adjacent islands (Francis, 2008).

C. horsfieldii has a typically dog-like face with large eyes, and simple and relatively small ears. Their wings are usually broad and mostly without fur. Also it has grey-brown upperparts, slightly yellowish-brown underparts, and a dark reddish-brown collar in adult males which is paler in females (Francis, 2008). The immature bat has dull buff or grey fur. The edges of the ears and outline of the wing-bones are white in colour. Cynopterus horsfieldii has broader and squarer cheek teeth than other Cynopterus bats, with distinct cusps or ridges on the lower premolar and first lower molar. Its larger body size with an average mass of 57.9 g, distinguishes it from C. sphinx (Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat) which is smaller and has more rounded cheek teeth (Francis, 2008).

Habitats

No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Artificial - Terrestrial → Plantations
Suitable Unknown
2
Artificial - Terrestrial → Rural Gardens
Suitable Unknown
3
Artificial - Terrestrial → Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
Suitable Unknown
4
Caves and Subterranean Habitats → Caves
Suitable Unknown
5
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
Suitable Unknown
6
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
Suitable Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment

Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2019 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Least Concern (LC)
3.1
2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Least Concern (LC)
3.1
1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Least Concern (LC)
N/A

Location

by State Location
  • Johore 3
  • Kelantan 1
  • Negeri Sembilan 1
  • Pahang 1
  • Perak 2
  • Terengganu 1
  • Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur 1
  • Federal Territories of Putrajaya 1
by Protected Areas Location
  • Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve 1
  • National/State Park 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images

Biodiversity Experts

Profile
Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Fishes (Ecology)
  • Seahorses (Ecology)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Protected Areas
  • Marine & Coastal
  • PM
  • W
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Climate Change
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
David Magintan (Dr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Mammals
  • Elephants
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Environment
  • Protected Areas
  • Biological Resource
  • Ecology
  • PM
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
  • Mammals
  • Bats
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • Molecular
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Birds
  • Mammals
  • Rodents
  • Treeshrews
  • Squirrels
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Data Analysis
  • Ecosystems
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Genetics
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Monkeys
  • Fishes
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Technology
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Juliana Binti Senawi (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Bats
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Evolution
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Elephants
  • Fishes
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • PM
Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Data Analysis
  • Ecosystems
  • Education
  • Environment
  • Genetics
  • History
  • Management
  • Medical
  • Molecular
  • Science
  • Technology
  • Water
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Living Modified Organism (LMO)
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Protected Areas
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • PM
  • SEA
  • W
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Amphibians
  • Mammals
  • Birds
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
  • Awareness
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Landscape
  • Law and Policy
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Systematics
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC)
  • National Policy on Biological Diversity
  • Policy
  • Research and Development (R&D)
  • Zoonotic
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof. Dato' Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Nasharuddin Bin Othman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Conservation
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
Rahimatsah Amat (Dr.)
Sabah Environmental Trust (SET)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Environment
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • SEA
Rahmat Topani (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Conservation
  • Protected Areas
  • Marine & Coastal
  • PM
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Birds (Ecology)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Spiders
  • Insects
  • Biodiversity
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
  • W
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Birds
  • Biodiversity
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Protected Areas
  • Marine & Coastal
  • PM
  • W
Saifullah A. Jaaman @ Sharman (Assoc. Prof.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Marine & Coastal
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Sheema Abdul Aziz (Dr.)
Rimba
  • Bats
  • Flying Foxes
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Forest
  • Protected Areas
  • Wildlife Trade
  • PM
Tan Cheng Cheng (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Protected Areas
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
Tan Poai Ean (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
  • Bats
  • Mammals
  • Rodents
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Management
  • PM
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;

References

Article
  1. Aziz, S.A., Clements, G.R., McConkey, K.R., Sritongchuay, T., Pathil, S., Abu Yazid, M.N.H., Campos-Arceiz, A., Forget, P.M. & Bumrungsri, S. (2017). Pollination by the locally endangered island flying fox (Pteropus hypomelanus) enhances fruit production of the economically important durian (Durio zibethinus). Ecology and Evolution, 1-15. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3213/full
  2. Aziz, S.A., McConkey, K.R., Tanalgo, K, Sritongchuay, T., Low, M.R., Ong, J.Y., Mildenstein, TL, Nuevo-Diego, CE, Lim, V.C. & Racey, P.A. (2021). The Critical Importance of Old World Fruit Bats for Healthy Ecosystems and Economies. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.641411 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  3. Benda, P. (2010). On a small collection of bats (Chiroptera) from western Sabah (North Borneo, East Malaysia). Vespertilio 13, 45-76
  4. Campbell, P. & Kunz, T.H. (2006). Cynopterus horsfieldii. Mammalian Species (802), 1-5
  5. Hodgkison, R., Balding, S.T., Akbar, Z. & Kunz, T.H. (2004). Habitat structure, wing morphology, and the vertical stratification of Malaysian fruit bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae). Journal of Tropical Ecology 20 (6), 667-673. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467404001737
  6. Aihara, Y., Hosaka, T., Yasuda, M., Hashim, M. & Numata, S. (2016). Mammalian Wildlife Tourism in South-East Asian Tropical Rainforests: The Case of Endau Rompin National Park, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28 (2), 167-181
  7. Jayaraj, V.K., Daud, S.H.M., Azhar, M.-I., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Mokhtar, S.I. & Abdullah, M.T. (2013). Diversity and Conservation status of Mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 9 (6), 1439-1448. https://www.biotaxa.org/cl/article/viewFile/9.6.1349/1695
  8. Jayaraj, V.K., Tahir, N.F.D.A., Udin, N.A., Baharin, N.F.K., Ismail, S.K. & Zakaria, S.N.A. (2012). Species diversity of small mammals at Gunung Stong state park, Kelantan, Malaysia. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 (6), 667-673
  9. Khan, F.A.A., Swier, V. J., Solari, S., Larsen, P. A., Ketol, B., Marni, W., Ellagupillay, S., Lakim, M., Abdullah, M.T. & Baker, R. J. (2008). Using genetics and morphology to examine species diversity of Old World bats: report of a recent collection from Malaysia. Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. (281), 1-29
  10. Lim, V.C., Ramli, R., Bhassu, S. & Wilson, J.J. (2017). A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library. PLOS ONE 12 (7), e0179555. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555
  11. Lim, B.L., Lim, K.K.P. & Yong, H.S. (1999). The Terrestrial Mammals of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia, with a catalogue of Specimens at the Raffles Museum, National University of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 101-123
  12. Mohd Hanif, R.M.D., Nur-Aida, M.T., Zahirunisa, A.R., Mohd-Ridwan, A.R. & Abdullah, M.T. (2015). Contribution of Regenerated Forest in Conservation of Bats in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 27 (4), 506-516
  13. Ramli, R. & Hashim, R. (2009). Diversity of Small Mammals Inhabiting Disturbed Forest: A Case Study on Kenaboi Forest Reserve, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 28 (4), 481-490
  14. Shahfiz, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Kaviarasu, M., Fauzi, M.Z. & Rizal, M.R. (2013). Preliminary Checklist of Mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. , 197-214
  15. Shazali, N., Rahman, S.P.H., Tahir, N.F.D.A., Murni, R., Latip, N.A., Naharuddin, N.M., Azhar, I., McArthur, E., Khalik, M.Z., Mohd-Ridwan, A.R., Khan, F.A.A. & Tingga, R.C.T. (2016). Small mammals from Miri, northeastern region of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: note on new locality records. Check List: The Journal of Biodiversity Data 12 (2), 10
  16. Sing, K.W., Syaripuddin, K. & Wilson, J.J. (2013). Changing perspectives on the diversity of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) at Ulu Gombak since the establishment of the field study centre in 1965. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 29, 211-217. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/app/uploads/2017/06/s29rbz211-217.pdf
  17. Tan, K.H., Akbar, Z. & Kunz, T.H. (1999). Roost selection and social organisation in Cynopterus horsfieldi (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Malayan Nature Journal 53 (4), 295-298. http://www.bu.edu/cecb/files/2009/08/malaynatj199953295-298.pdf
  18. Tuen, A.A., Lakim, M. & Hall, L. (2002). Preliminary Survey of Bats of the Crocker Range National Park Sabah, Malaysia. ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC) July-September, 8. http://www.arbec.com.my/pdf/art15julysep02.pdf
Book
  1. Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
  2. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
  3. Khan, M.M. (1992). Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 182.
  4. Latiff, A. (2010). Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve: Green Lung of Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 100.
  5. Maimon, A., Norhayati, A. & Sharifah Mastura, S.A. (2019). Biodiversity in Oil Palm Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. pp. 123.
  6. Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
  7. Mohammad, M.S., Zainon, K & Zulfadhlan, A.K. (2013). Proceedings of The 2nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012. Pulau Banding Foundation, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 388.
  8. Nee, T. A. & Norhayati, N. (2018). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 3rd Edition, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 174.
  9. Payne, J. & Francis, C.M. (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Malaysia. pp. 326.
  10. Phang, S.M., Affendi, Y.A., Ooi, J.L.S. & Haji, A.J.M. (2008). Natural History of The Pulau Tioman Group of Islands. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 292.
  11. Phillipps, Q. & Phillipps, K. (2016). Phillipps’ Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 400.
  12. Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
  13. Senawi, J. & Norhayati, A. (2021). Kelawar Malaysia / Bats of Malaysia. Kementerian Tenaga & Sumber Asli, Malaysia. pp. 80. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  14. Shaharuddin, M.I., Sahidin, A.R., Nor, S.M., Jalil, M.S., Razani, U., Nik Mohd. Shah, N.M. & Latiff, A. (2005). Gunung Nuang, Selangor: Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 221.
  15. Shaharuddin, M.I., Che, H.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Jalil, M.S., Norhaidi, Y. & Latiff, A. (2005). Hutan Simpan Ulu Muda, Kedah: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 310.
  16. Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
  17. Yasuma, S., Bernard, H. & Mahyudin, A. (2005). Pocket Guide: The Bornean Mammals: CHIROPTERA, Volume 2, Issue/No. 1. Research and Education Component, BBEC Programme, c/o Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 2004, Malaysia. pp. 67.
Chapter in book
  1. Inventori Hidupan Liar di Putrajaya. In Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya. pp. 1-52.
  2. Davison, G.W.H. & Akbar, Z. (2007). The Status of Mammalian Biodiversity in Malaysia. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 3-27.
  3. Lim, B.L., Ratnam, L. & Hussien, N. A. (2003). Small Mammals Diversity in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. In Okuda, T., Manokaran, N. & Ashton, P.S. (Eds.), Pasoh: Ecology of a Lowland Rain Forest in Southeast Asia. Springer Tokyo. pp. 403-411.
Report
  1. Kajian Kepelbagaian Biologi Bandar di Putrajaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  2. Report On Habitat And Ecological Research After Wavebreaker Project At Tanjung Piai Johor National Park. Perbadanan Taman Negara (Johor), Malaysia.
Short-note
  1. A new record of Chaerephone johorensis at Mount Jerai,Kedah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 64 (4), 2013
Unpublish
  1. Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)

Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Hafizuddin Bin Rohim@rahim, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Anis Syafiqah Binti Mohamad Amir Hamzah, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mrs. Hakimah Binti Jaafar, Mrs. Juriah A/p Nibong, Mr. Kalip Bin Matkasim, Dr. Muhammad Farhan Bin Abd Wahab, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Ms. Nor Syahaliyana Binti Saidin, Mrs. Noraina Bt Ab Majid, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nuramirah Binti Mat Zain, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Mrs. Nurina Binti Kamarudin, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Mrs. Wan Roniza Binti Ismil & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- Juliana Binti Senawi & Juliana Senawi

Species Citation :- Cynopterus horsfieldii. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/18514. [Retrieved 02 December 2023].

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