Native Animals
Manis javanica
Malayan Pangolin
CR
Critically Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2019
VU
Vulnerable
Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia
ver 3.1, 2009
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Phylum
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epithetjavanica Desmarest, 1822
-
Common Name
- Malayan Pangolin (English)
- Pangolin (English)
- Pengguling (Malay)
- Scaly Anteater (English)
- Sunda Pangolin (English)
- Tenggiling (Malay)
- 穿山甲 (Cantonese)
-
ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
Manis javanica, commonly known as Malayan Pangolin is a unique species that belongs to the family Manidae. It is also called Javan or Sunda pangolin as well as scaly anteater due to its eating behavior of feeding on ants and termites. This species can be found in Southeast Asia’s forested habitat ranging from Burma, Thailand and Indochina through Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore to Borneo, Sumatra and Java (Baker, 2021).
Malayan pangolin is easily recognized by its scaly body covered but lacks scales on the belly part. When feeling threatened, the pangolin will protect themselves by rolling into a ball. However, Malayan pangolin is categorized as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List (Challender et al., 2021) due to poaching and smuggling activities for its scales.
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Nocturnal — Active during the night
|
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Arable Land
|
Marginal | Unknown |
| 2 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Pastureland
|
Marginal | Unknown |
| 3 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Plantations
|
Marginal | Unknown |
| 4 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Rural Gardens
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 5 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 6 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 7 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 8 |
Shrubland → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Shrubland
|
Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
3.1 |
| 2014 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
3.1 |
| 2009 | Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia |
Vulnerable (VU)
Peninsular Malaysia
|
3.1 |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | ||||||
| 4 | ||||||
| 8 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Amal Ghazali Nasron (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Insects,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Forest
|
|
Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Fishes (Ecology), Seahorses (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
|
Badrul Munir Md Zain (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Mammals (Taxonomy),
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
David Magintan (Dr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Elephants,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Protected Areas, Biological Resource & Ecology
|
|
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Bats,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Genetics & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Monkeys, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Science & Technology
|
|
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Data Analysis, Ecosystems, Education, Environment, Genetics, History, Management, Medical, Molecular, Science, Technology, Water, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Synthetic Biology, Protected Areas, Marine & Coastal & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof. Dato' Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Evolution, Genetics & Protected Areas
|
|
Nasharuddin Bin Othman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Management & Protected Areas
|
|
Rahimatsah Amat (Dr.)
Sabah Environmental Trust (SET)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Environment, Management & Protected Areas
|
|
Rahmat Topani (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Saifullah A. Jaaman @ Sharman (Assoc. Prof.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Tan Cheng Cheng (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Tan Poai Ean (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Bats, Mammals, Rodents,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Management
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Understanding and solving the South-East Asian snaring crisis. The Ecological Citizen 4 (2), 129-141 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Chong, J.L., Panjang, E., Wilcox, D., Nash, H.C., Semiadi, G., Sodsai, W., Lim, N.T.L., Fletcher, L., Kurniawan, A. & Cheema, S. (2020). Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Desmarest, 1822). Chapter in Pangolins: Science, Society and Conservation 1st Edition, Eds. Daniel Challender, Helen Nash & Carly Waterman. Pg 89-108.
- Aihara, Y., Hosaka, T., Yasuda, M., Hashim, M. & Numata, S. (2016). Mammalian Wildlife Tourism in South-East Asian Tropical Rainforests: The Case of Endau Rompin National Park, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28 (2), 167-181
- Jambari, A., Sivananthan, T.E., Abdul Halim, H.R., Saharudin, M.H., Mohamed, K.A., Mohd, A., Seman, M.F., Samsuddin, S. & Mohd Azmi, I.S. (2015). A Camera Trap Assessment of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Taman Negara Kelantan and Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 30, 45-57
- Magintan, D., Ilias, R., Ismail, A., Adrian, J., Rasdi, I. & Mohd. Sanusi, M. (2015). A Preliminary Observation of Mammals and Other Species Visiting Artificial Salt Licks in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 30, 59-74
- Mohd. Azlan, J. & Lading, E. (2006). Camera trapping and conservation in Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2), 469-475. http://http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/Raffles%20Bulletin%20of%20Zoology/Past%20Volumes/RBZ%2054(2)/54rbz469-475.pdf
- Shahfiz, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Kaviarasu, M., Fauzi, M.Z. & Rizal, M.R. (2013). Preliminary Checklist of Mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. , 197-214
- Shazali, N., Rahman, S.P.H., Tahir, N.F.D.A., Murni, R., Latip, N.A., Naharuddin, N.M., Azhar, I., McArthur, E., Khalik, M.Z., Mohd-Ridwan, A.R., Khan, F.A.A. & Tingga, R.C.T. (2016). Small mammals from Miri, northeastern region of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo: note on new locality records. Check List: The Journal of Biodiversity Data 12 (2), 10
- Suis, M.A.F., Miun, J., Tingkoi, L. & Nilus, R. (2019). Inventory of terrestrial mammals and birds in Sungai Pin Conservation Area, Kinabatangan. Sepilok Bulletin. 28, 49-68. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol%2028%20(2019).pdf
- Syakirah, S., Prentice, C., Lopez, A., Azmin, M. R. & Yusof, A. M. (2000). A small- mammal survey at Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaysia's first Ramsar Site. Malayan Nature Journal 54 (1), 31-41
Book
- A visitor's guidebook to Endau-Rompin (Johor) National Park, 2019. Johor National Parks Corporation and UNDP Malaysia. pp. 108.
- ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook 2, 2017. ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity, Philippines. pp. 220. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- National Tiger Action Plan for Malaysia, 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Pangolin Species Identification Guide: A Rapid Assessment Tool for Field and Desk, 2017. United States Agency for International Development. Bangkok, Thailand. pp. 30. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya, 1998. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 100.
- PERHILITAN. (2017). Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia Version 2.0. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Widlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN) Peninsular Malaysia.
- Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia: Red List Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia, 2010. Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 150. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- The Network of Protected Forests in Telupid, Sabah: Biodiversity & Conservation in the Heart of Borneo, 2014. Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 155.
- Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected Areas: Guidelines for sustainability, 2018. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 128. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- USAID Wildlife Asia Counter Wildlife Trafficking Digest: Southeast Asia and China, Issue/No. 1, 2018. USAID Wildlife Asia, Bangkok, Thailand. pp. 39. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- USAID Wildlife Asia Counter Wildlife Trafficking Digest: Southeast Asia and China, Issue/No. 3, 2020. pp. 68. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Beastall, C.A. & Chng, S.C.L. (2021). Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife in Southeast Asia. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Francis, C.M. (2008). A Field Guide To The Mammals Of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers, England. pp. 392.
- Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
- Jain, A., Lee, J.G.H., Chao, N., Lees, C., Orenstein, R., Strange, B.C., Chng, S.C.L., Marthy, W., Yeap, C.A. & Rao, M. (2018). Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil): Status Review, Range-wide Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2018-2027). IUCN SSC Hornbill Specialist Group. pp. 54. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Khan, M.M. (1992). Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 182.
- Lee, P.B., Chung, Y.F., Nash, H.C., Lim, N.T.L., Chan, S.K.L., Luz, S. & Lees, C. (2018). Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) National Conservation Strategy and Action Plan 2018: Scaling up pangolin conservation in Singapore. Singapore Pangolin Working Group. pp. 44. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
- Mohammad, M.S., Zainon, K & Zulfadhlan, A.K. (2013). Proceedings of The 2nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012. Pulau Banding Foundation, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 388.
- Nee, T. A. & Norhayati, N. (2018). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 3rd Edition, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 174.
- Payne, J. & Francis, C.M. (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Malaysia. pp. 326.
- Payne, J. (2022). The Hairy Rhinoceros: History, ecology, and some lessons for management of the last Asian megafauna. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. pp. 197.
- Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Che, H.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Jalil, M.S., Norhaidi, Y. & Latiff, A. (2005). Hutan Simpan Ulu Muda, Kedah: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 310.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Azahar, M., Razani, U., Kamaruzaman, A.B., Lim, K.L., Suhaili, R., Jalil, M.S. & Latiff, A. (2005). Sustainable Management of Matang Mangroves: 100 Years and Beyond. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 531.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
- Suhaila, A.H. & Nik Ahmad Irwan Izzauddin, N. H. (2014). Biodiversity of Gunung Ledang Mountaineering The Nature. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia and Johor National Parks Corporation, Malaysia. pp. 165.
- Sulaiman, M.H. & Chong, J.L., Tenggiling Sunda Khazanah Alam Malaysia. Penerbit UMT.
- T. Marina, T. Ibrahim & Shamsul, K. (2009). Kepelbagaian Biologi Flora, Fauna dan Nilai Ekonomi Hutan Simpan Tranum, Pahang. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 140.
- Tan, P.E., Norazlinda, A.R., Nosrat, R. & Saaban, S. (2015). Field Guides - Identification Key for Non-Volant Terrestrial Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) Peninsular Malaysia. pp. 56.
Chapter in book
- Inventori Hidupan Liar di Putrajaya. In Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya. pp. 1-52.
- Davison, G.W.H. & Akbar, Z. (2007). The Status of Mammalian Biodiversity in Malaysia. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 3-27.
- Lim, B.L., Ratnam, L. & Hussien, N. A. (2003). Small Mammals Diversity in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. In Okuda, T., Manokaran, N. & Ashton, P.S. (Eds.), Pasoh: Ecology of a Lowland Rain Forest in Southeast Asia. Springer Tokyo. pp. 403-411.
Journal
- Malayan Nature Journal, Volume 73, Issue 3, p. 419, 2021
Magazine/Bulletin
- Bio-Bulletin, Vol. 2 (December 2015). School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife with a focus on the Golden Triangle (Lao PDR, Myanmar and Thailand) (2020). TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Regional Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) Conservation Strategy 2018-2028 (2018). IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, IUCN SSC Asian Species Action Partnership, Wildlife Reserves Singapore, and IUCN SSC Conservation Planning Specialist Group — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- TRAFFIC Bulletin, Vol. 30 (1), 4/2018. TRAFFIC, Cambridge, UK — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Report
- Asian Species Action Partnership (ASAP) - Annual Report 2019. ASAP. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- CPSG Annual Report 2017 - Changing the Future for Wildlife. Conservation Planning Specialist Group (IUCN/SSC/CPSG), United States of America. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Laporan Inventori Hidupan Liar Putrajaya 2019. Kementerian Air, Tanah dan Sumber Asli (KATS) dan Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Semenanjung Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Krishnasamy, K. & Zavagli, M. (2020). Southeast Asia: At the heart of wildlife trade. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Stolton, S. & Dudley, N. (2017). Beyond the Stripes: save tigers, save so much more. WWF International, Gland, Switzerland. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Mr. Ahmad Hafizuddin Bin Rohim@rahim, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Dr. Muhammad Farhan Bin Abd Wahab, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Ms. Nor Syahaliyana Binti Saidin, Ms. Noraini Binti Osman, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Chong Ju Lian & Yasser Arifin
Species Citation :- Manis javanica. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20162. [Retrieved 06 June 2023].
Feedback :- If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback.
