Native Animals
Maxomys rajah
Rajah Spiny Rat
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2016
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetrajah (Thomas, 1894)
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Common Name
- Brown Spiny Rat (English)
- Rajah Rat (English)
- Rajah Spiny Rat (English)
- Rajah Sundaic Maxomys (English)
- Tikus Duri Hitam Pudar (Malay)
- Tikus Duri Hitam-pudar (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
Brown spiny rat or locally known as Tikus Duri Hitam Pudar is one of the species from the family Muridae (Rats and Mice). Its body is covered with brown, sometimes with tinged reddish or orange hairs and has a darker midline with numerous stiff grey-brown spines (Francis, 2019). Its underparts are white with many short, soft white spines and usually with dark brown streaks along the middle of the belly in adults. Its inner sides of thighs are covered with white hairs which normally extend to feet. Its tail is sharply bicoloured, dark brown above and pale below, with thinly haired features. This species is about 16.5-22.5 cm (head-body length) and weighs around 95-220 g.
The brown spiny rat occurs throughout peninsular Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and adjacent smaller islands (Francis, 2019). It inhabits primary and secondary lowland forests up to 1100 m, including peat swamp forests and is occasionally found in plantations, especially those adjacent to forests (Nor, 2001; Francis, 2019; Phillipps & Phillipps, 2016).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 206 | ||||||
| 132 | ||||||
| 20 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Amal Ghazali Nasron (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Insects,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Forest
|
|
Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Fishes (Ecology), Seahorses (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
|
Badrul Munir Md Zain (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Mammals (Taxonomy),
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
David Magintan (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Elephants,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment & Protected Areas
|
|
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Bats,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasmahzaiti Omar (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Rodents (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity
|
|
Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Genetics & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Monkeys, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Science & Technology
|
|
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Lim Boo Liat (Dr.)
|
Reptiles (Ecology), Rodents (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mariana Bt. Ahamad (Dr.)
Institute for Medical Research (IMR)
|
Rodents,
Biodiversity, Medical, Molecular, Science & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Data Analysis, Ecosystems, Education, Environment, Genetics, History, Management, Medical, Molecular, Science, Technology, Water, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Synthetic Biology, Protected Areas, Marine & Coastal & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
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Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof. Dato' Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Evolution, Genetics & Protected Areas
|
|
Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Rodents (Taxonomy), Reptiles,
Molecular, Biodiversity & Science
|
|
Muhammad Farhan Bin Abd Wahab (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Rodents (Ecology), Rodents (Taxonomy),
Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecology, Genetics, Molecular, Systematics & Taxonomy
|
|
Nasharuddin Bin Othman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Management & Protected Areas
|
|
Rahimatsah Amat (Dr.)
Sabah Environmental Trust (SET)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Environment, Management & Protected Areas
|
|
Rahmat Topani (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Saifullah A. Jaaman @ Sharman (Assoc. Prof.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Tan Cheng Cheng (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Tan Poai Ean (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Bats, Mammals, Rodents,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Management
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Faradiana, N.M.F., Shahfiz, M.A., Kaviarasu, M., Nor Hazwani, A.R. & Alwani, N.Z. (2019). Checklist on small vertebrates at Bukit Tarek Forest Reserve, Selangor. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 34. https://www.wildlife.gov.my/index.php/en/penerbitan/379-jilid-34-2019
- Aihara, Y., Hosaka, T., Yasuda, M., Hashim, M. & Numata, S. (2016). Mammalian Wildlife Tourism in South-East Asian Tropical Rainforests: The Case of Endau Rompin National Park, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28 (2), 167-181
- Jayaraj, V.K., Daud, S.H.M., Azhar, M.-I., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Mokhtar, S.I. & Abdullah, M.T. (2013). Diversity and Conservation status of Mammals in Wang Kelian State Park, Perlis, Malaysia. Check List. 9 (6), 1439-1448. https://www.biotaxa.org/cl/article/viewFile/9.6.1349/1695
- Konstans, W. & Bagchi, R. (2005). Eat in or Take Away – Seed Predation and Removal by Rats (Muridae) During a Fruiting Event in a Dipterocarp Rainforest. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 53(2): 281-286. . https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/53rbz281-286.pdf
- Konstans, W., Corlett, R.T., Lakim, M., Kalko, E.K.V. & Pfeiffer, M. (2009). Seed consumption by small mammals from Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 25: 555-558. . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467409990058
- Madinah, A., Fatimah, A., Mariana, A. & Abdullah, M.T. (2011). Ectoparasites of Small Mammals in Four Localities of Wildlife Reserves in Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 42(4): 803-813 . . https://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2011-42-4/06-4984.pdf
- Mohd-Zain, S.N. & Syed-Arnez, A.S.K. (2005). Parasitofauna of the Wild Rat Population at Selai, Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia. The Forests and Biodiversity of Selai Endau-Rompin. pp. 215-218. http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/7311
- Nakagawa, M., Miguchi, H., Sato, K. & Nakashizuka, T. (2007). A Preliminary Study of Two Sympatric Maxomys Rats in Sarawak, Malaysia: Spacing Patterns and Population Dynamics. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 55(2): 381–387. . https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/06/55rbz381-387.pdf
- Nor, S.M., Batin, Z. & Zubaid, A. (2001). Elevational Diversity Pattern of Non-volant Small Mammals on Mount Nuang, Hulu Langat, Selangor. Journal of Biological Sciences, 1 (11):1081-1084. . https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.1081.1084
- Ramli, R. & Hashim, R. (2009). Diversity of Small Mammals Inhabiting Disturbed Forest: A Case Study on Kenaboi Forest Reserve, Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 28 (4), 481-490
- Ruppert, N., Asyraf, M. & Shahrul Anuar, M.S. (2015). Diversity and biomass of terrestrial small mammals at a Malaysian primary rainforest (Segari Melintang Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia). The Journal of Tropical Life Science 5 (1), 33-42. http://www.jtrolis.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtrolis/article/view/259/pdf_3 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Shahfiz, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Kaviarasu, M., Fauzi, M.Z. & Rizal, M.R. (2013). Preliminary Checklist of Mammals at Sungai Enam in Temengor Forest Reserve, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. , 197-214
- Syakirah, S., Prentice, C., Lopez, A., Azmin, M. R. & Yusof, A. M. (2000). A small- mammal survey at Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaysia's first Ramsar Site. Malayan Nature Journal 54 (1), 31-41
- Thayaparan, S., Robertson, I. & Abdullah, M.T. (2015). Serological and molecular detection of Leptospira spp. from small wild mammals captured in Sarawak, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 11(1): 93-101. . https://doi.org/10.21161/MJM.67514
Book
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohamed Zin, Y., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2013). Banjaran Bintang Gunung Inas, Kedah: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 245.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Hutan Simpan Gunung Belumut, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 271.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Taman Negeri Bukit Panchor dan Pulau Jerejak, Pulau Pinang: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 263.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2011). Taman Negeri DiRaja Belum, Perak: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 332.
- Chua, L.S.L. (2021). Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Protocol in the Central Forest Spine Landscape. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 120. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
- Khan, M.M. (1992). Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 182.
- Latiff, A. (2010). Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve: Green Lung of Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 100.
- Mohammad, M.S., Zainon, K & Zulfadhlan, A.K. (2013). Proceedings of The 2nd Temengor Scientific Expedition 2012. Pulau Banding Foundation, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 388.
- Mohammad Khairi, A (2007). Taman Negara Pulau Pinang: Sinar Mutiara Belantara. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Malaysia. pp. 112.
- Nee, T. A. & Norhayati, N. (2018). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 3rd Edition, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 174.
- Payne, J. & Francis, C.M. (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Malaysia. pp. 326.
- Phillipps, Q. & Phillipps, K. (2016). Phillipps’ Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and Their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. United Kingdom: John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd.
- Phillipps, Q. & Phillipps, K. (2016). Phillipps’ Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 400.
- Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
- Ratnam, L. (1995). Windows on The Forest: Glimpses of FRIM for the Nature Loving Visitor, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 143.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Che, H.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Jalil, M.S., Norhaidi, Y. & Latiff, A. (2005). Hutan Simpan Ulu Muda, Kedah: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 310.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
- Tan, P.E., Norazlinda, A.R., Nosrat, R. & Saaban, S. (2015). Field Guides - Identification Key for Non-Volant Terrestrial Mammals of Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) Peninsular Malaysia. pp. 56.
Chapter in book
- Davison, G.W.H. & Akbar, Z. (2007). The Status of Mammalian Biodiversity in Malaysia. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 3-27.
- Lim, B.L., Ratnam, L. & Hussien, N. A. (2003). Small Mammals Diversity in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. In Okuda, T., Manokaran, N. & Ashton, P.S. (Eds.), Pasoh: Ecology of a Lowland Rain Forest in Southeast Asia. Springer Tokyo. pp. 403-411.
Journal
- Asian Primates Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, p. 60, 2014
Newsletter
- Ida Suraini, A.S. (2011, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 13, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/120
Online
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
- Ruedas, L. (2016). Maxomys rajah. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T12904A22455724. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20162.RLTS.T12904A22455724.en
Short-note
- A new record of Chaerephone johorensis at Mount Jerai,Kedah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 64 (4), 2013
Publications
Related by Genus
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Hafizuddin Bin Rohim@rahim, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mrs. Hakimah Binti Jaafar, Ms. Irawati Binti Munajat, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohd Hilmi Bin Sulong, Mr. Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad, Mr. Muhamad Hamidin Bin Hassan, Dr. Muhammad Farhan Bin Abd Wahab, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Ms. Nor Syahaliyana Binti Saidin, Mrs. Noraina Bt Ab Majid, Ms. Noraini Binti Osman, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Mrs. Norazlinda A. Razak, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Kaviarasu Munian & Mohammad Shahfiz Azman
Species Citation :- Maxomys rajah. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20171. [Retrieved 23 March 2023].
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