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The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an iconic primate species found only on the Island of Borneo. Populations of this species are found in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, the Indonesian province of Kalimantan, and Brunei. Throughout its range the proboscis monkey is also known by various local names such as kera belanda, monyet belanda, monyet probosis and orang belanda. In Sabah, proboscis monkey is known as bangkatan.
Proboscis monkeys have reddish-brown fur on the head, face, shoulders and upper back. Their fur on the lower back and stomach are grey, feet are yellowish-white while their throat and neck are white (Sjahfirdi & Noviandini, 2018). The tail is long (55-67 cm) and white or greyish in colour. The body length of adult male is about 56-72 cm with an average weight of 20 kg whereas adult female body length is about 55-62 cm and weight about 10 kg (Britannica, 2020; Sha et al., 2011). Adult males, especially dominant animals, have much larger and longer noses than females. Females have short pointy witch-like noses. Infants are born with small snubby noses and dark blue faces. Their noses gradually will develop into their signature larger noses and the dark blue face slowly turns greyish and then pink, like adults when they reach maturity (Sha et al., 2011).
Proboscis monkeys are threatened by the conversion of riparian and coastal mangrove habitats to plantations which may cause habitat fragmentation and consequently lead to a local extinction.
No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
Forest → Mangrove Forest
|
Unknown | Unknown |
2 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Unknown |
3 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest
|
Unknown | Resident |
Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
---|---|---|---|
2021 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
Sabah & Sarawak
|
3.1 |
2020 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
Sabah & Sarawak
|
3.1 |
2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
3.1 |
2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
2.3 |
1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
1990 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
1988 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
1986 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
Profile | |
---|---|
Amal Ghazali Nasron (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Insects,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Forest
|
Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Fishes (Ecology), Seahorses (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
Badrul Munir Md Zain (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Mammals (Taxonomy),
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
David Magintan (Dr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Elephants,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Protected Areas, Biological Resource & Ecology
|
Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Bats,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Forest & Molecular
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Genetics & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Monkeys, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Science & Technology
|
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Data Analysis, Ecosystems, Education, Environment, Genetics, History, Management, Medical, Molecular, Science, Technology, Water, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Synthetic Biology, Protected Areas, Marine & Coastal & Invasive Alien Species
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof. Dato' Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Evolution, Genetics & Protected Areas
|
Nasharuddin Bin Othman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Management & Protected Areas
|
Rahimatsah Amat (Dr.)
Sabah Environmental Trust (SET)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Environment, Management & Protected Areas
|
Rahmat Topani (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
Saifullah A. Jaaman @ Sharman (Assoc. Prof.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Marine & Coastal
|
Salman Hj Saaban (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Monkeys,
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
Tan Cheng Cheng (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
Tan Poai Ean (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Bats, Mammals, Rodents,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Management
|
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nur Razan Faiqah Binti Zahili, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Muhammad Al Zahri
Species Citation :- Nasalis larvatus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20277. [Retrieved 01 December 2023].
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