Native Animals
Sus barbatus
Babi Janggut
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2017
NT
Near Threatened
Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia
ver 3.1, 2009
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetbarbatus Müller, 1838
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Common Name
- Babi Bodoh (Malay)
- Babi Jakut (Malay)
- Babi Janggut (Malay)
- Babi Putih (Malay)
- Bearded Pig (English)
- Western Bearded Pig (English)
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ResidentialNative
Description
As its name suggests, the bearded pig (Sus barbatus) possesses a unique characteristic different from other species in the Suidae family. There is a 'beard' of bristles along its upper jaws (Meijaard, 2000). The subspecies Sus barbatus oi is native to Peninsular Malaysia, while Sus barbatus barbatus is endemic to Borneo. Subspecies is the subgroups within a species that have different traits. It appears that the difference between the subspecies falls on their coloration, as S. barbatus barbatus has various shades of brown (Luskin & Ke, 2017).
This species' distinctive characteristic, which is its beard grows longer with age and present in both sexes, but it is mainly pronounced on males. This beard comprised coarse, wavy grey bristles that protrude from their mandibles and across the snout, potentially obscuring their vision with whiskers up to 15 cm long. The tusks are present in both sexes and can grow up to 25 cm long (Luskin & Ke, 2017). Compared to all extant pigs, the bearded pig has the slimmest torso and longest head, with distinguished two warts on the face. It has a dark brown-gray coat, small eyes, and fairly long ears, which corresponds to its well-developed sense of hearing. The ends of its snout have a mobile disk-shaped structure that bears the nostrils. Their lower canine teeth formed a set of tusks on their nose (Knibbe, 2000).
The bearded pig can be found in the Malay Peninsula, Riau Archipelago, Sulu Archipelago, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo, Karimata Island, Balabac, and Palawan, along with Calamian islands in the western Phillippines. It inhabits tropical rainforests of all elevations, mangrove thickets, and secondary forests, as well as in disturbed or logged forests (Meijaard & Sheil, 2008; Knibbe, 2000).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 2 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
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Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 2009 | Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia |
Near Threatened (NT)
Peninsular Malaysia
|
3.1 |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
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3.1 |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
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N/A |
Relationship
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
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Amal Ghazali Nasron (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Mammals, Insects,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Forest
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Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
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Fishes (Ecology), Seahorses (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
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Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
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Badrul Munir Md Zain (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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Mammals (Taxonomy),
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Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
David Magintan (Dr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals, Elephants,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Protected Areas, Biological Resource & Ecology
|
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Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Mammals, Bats,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Forest & Molecular
|
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Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Genetics & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Monkeys, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Science & Technology
|
|
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
|
Mammals,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Data Analysis, Ecosystems, Education, Environment, Genetics, History, Management, Medical, Molecular, Science, Technology, Water, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Synthetic Biology, Protected Areas, Marine & Coastal & Invasive Alien Species
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Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
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Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah (Prof. Dato' Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
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Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Evolution, Genetics & Protected Areas
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Nasharuddin Bin Othman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Management & Protected Areas
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Rahimatsah Amat (Dr.)
Sabah Environmental Trust (SET)
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Mammals (Ecology),
Environment, Management & Protected Areas
|
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Rahmat Topani (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Mammals (Ecology),
Conservation, Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
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Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
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Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
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Saifullah A. Jaaman @ Sharman (Assoc. Prof.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
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Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation & Marine & Coastal
|
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Tan Cheng Cheng (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity & Conservation
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Tan Poai Ean (Ms.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Bats, Mammals, Rodents,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Management
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PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Caldecott, J. & Caldecott, S. (1985). A horde of pork. New Scientist . 1469, 32-55
- Aihara, Y., Hosaka, T., Yasuda, M., Hashim, M. & Numata, S. (2016). Mammalian Wildlife Tourism in South-East Asian Tropical Rainforests: The Case of Endau Rompin National Park, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 28 (2), 167-181
- Lucchini, V., Meijaard, E., Diong, C.H., Groves, C.P. & Randi, E. (2005). New phylogenetic perspectives among species of South-east Asian wild pig (Sus sp.) based on mtDNA sequences and morphometric data. Journal of Zoology 266 (1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836905006588
- Meijaard, E. & Sheil, D (2008). The persistence and conservation of Borneo's mammals in lowland rain forests managed for timber: observations, overviews and opportunities. Ecological Research. 23 (1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0342-7
- Mohd. Azlan, J. & Lading, E. (2006). Camera trapping and conservation in Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 54 (2), 469-475. http://http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/Raffles%20Bulletin%20of%20Zoology/Past%20Volumes/RBZ%2054(2)/54rbz469-475.pdf
- Shahriza, S., Ibrahim, J., Shahrul Anuar, M.S. & Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A. (2012). Herpetofauna of Peta Area of Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 35 (3), 553-567
- Suis, M.A.F., Miun, J., Tingkoi, L. & Nilus, R. (2019). Inventory of terrestrial mammals and birds in Sungai Pin Conservation Area, Kinabatangan. Sepilok Bulletin. 28, 49-68. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol%2028%20(2019).pdf
- Wong, S.T., Servheen, C., Ambu, L. & Norhayati, A. (2005). Impacts of fruit production cycles on Malayan sun bears and bearded pigs in lowland tropical forest of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Journal of Tropical Ecology. 21 (6), 627-639
Book
- A visitor's guidebook to Endau-Rompin (Johor) National Park, 2019. Johor National Parks Corporation and UNDP Malaysia. pp. 108.
- Biodiversity in Plantation Landscapes, 2012. Wild Asia and the Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 130. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Looking at Loagan - A Journey Into Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak, 2006. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. pp. 75.
- Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
- National Tiger Action Plan for Malaysia, 2008. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Red List of Mammals for Peninsular Malaysia: Red List Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia, 2010. Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP), Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 150. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- The Network of Protected Forests in Telupid, Sabah: Biodiversity & Conservation in the Heart of Borneo, 2014. Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 155.
- Chua, L.S.L. (2021). Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Protocol in the Central Forest Spine Landscape. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 120. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Dove, M. (1993). The responses of Dayak and bearded pig to mast-fruiting in Kalimantan: An analysis of nature-culture analogies. East-West Center. pp. 13-123.
- Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
- Khan, M.M. (1992). Mamalia Semenanjung Malaysia. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 182.
- MacKinnon, K., Hatta, G., Halim, H. & Mangalik, A. (1996). The Ecology of Kalimantan. Singapore: Periplus Editions.
- Meijaard, E. (2000). Bearded pig (Sus barbatus). Ecology, conservation status, and research methodology. WWF-Indonesia, CIFOR, and Ecosense Consultants, Indonesia. pp. 3.
- Meijaard, E., Garcia-Ulloa, J, Sheil, D, Wich, S., Carlson, K.M, Juffe-Bignoli, D & Brooks, T.M (2018). Oil palm and biodiversity : a situation analysis by the IUCN Oil Palm Task Force. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 116. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Payne, J. & Francis, C.M. (1985). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Borneo. The Sabah Society, Malaysia. pp. 326.
- Phillipps, Q. & Phillipps, K. (2016). Phillipps’ Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 400.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
- Wan Shaharuddin, W.N, Ibrahim, S.N, Sivananthan, T.E., Gopalakrishnan, L & Chik Wan Ab Rahman, C.K.M.Z (2020). Corridors of Life: Connecting Wildlife within the Central Forest Spine (CFS). Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur.
Chapter in book
- Bennett, E.L. & Gumal, M.T. (2001). The interrelationships of commercial logging, hunting and wildlife in Sarawak, and recommendations for forest management. In Fimbel, R.A., Grajal, A. & Robinson, J.G. (Eds.), The cutting edge: conserving wildlife in logged tropical forest. Columbia Press, New York. pp. 359-374.
- Davison, G.W.H. & Akbar, Z. (2007). The Status of Mammalian Biodiversity in Malaysia. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 3-27.
- Leighton, M. & Leighton, D.R. (1983). Vertebrate responses to fruiting seasonality within a Bornean rainforest. In Sutton, S.L., Whitmore, T.C. & Chadwick, A.C. (Eds.), Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. pp. 181-196.
- Lim, B.L., Ratnam, L. & Hussien, N. A. (2003). Small Mammals Diversity in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. In Okuda, T., Manokaran, N. & Ashton, P.S. (Eds.), Pasoh: Ecology of a Lowland Rain Forest in Southeast Asia. Springer Tokyo. pp. 403-411.
- Luskin, M.S. & Ke, A. (2017). Bearded pig Sus barbatus (Müller, 1838). In Melletti, M. & Meijaard, E. (Eds.), Ecology, Conservation and Management of Wild Pigs and Peccaries. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK. pp. 175-192.
Online
- RAMSAR SITE - Johor National Parks. Johor National Parks Corporation. Retrieved January 04, 2019, from http://www.johornationalparks.gov.my/v3/ramsar-site/
- Basten, G. (06/03/2018). Bornean bearded pigs seen adapting to oil palm habitats, study finds. Retrieved March 07, 2018, from https://news.mongabay.com/2018/03/bornean-bearded-pigs-seen-adapting-to-oil-palm-habitats-study-finds/ — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Di Dario, F.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
- Knibbe, N. (2000). "Sus barbatus", Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved August 03, 2021, from https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sus_barbatus/
- Luskin, M.S., Ke, A., Meijaard, E., Gumal, M.T. & Kawanishi, K. (2017). Sus barbatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T41772A123793370. Retrieved March 16, 2021, from https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T41772A44141317.en
Short-note
- Sunda Bearded Pig Sus barbatus at Panti Forest, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records (SEAVR), 2016
- Mammals observed during a road trip west of Jemaluang, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records (SEAVR), 2016
- Mammals observed during a brief visit to Panti Forest, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Southeast Asia Vertebrate Records (SEAVR), 2016
Publications
Related by Genus
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Prof. Dr. Norhayati Binti Ahmad, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Mrs. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Muhammad Al Zahri
Species Citation :- Sus barbatus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20532. [Retrieved 29 April 2024].
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