Native Animals
Anthracoceros malayanus
Black Hornbill
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2018
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Phylum
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
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Specific Epithetmalayanus (Raffles, 1822)
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Common Name
- Black Hornbill (English)
- Burung Gatal Birah (Malay)
- Burung Kekek (Malay)
- Enggang Gatal Birah (Malay)
- Enggang Hitam (Malay)
- Taeej (Temiar)
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ResidentialNative
Description
Commonly known as Black Hornbill or Enggang gatal birah in Malay (Izzauddin et al., 2019) in Malay is a species of bird belongs to the Bucerotidae (hornbill) family. It is a small-sized hornbill measuring about 76 cm in length (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993). The male’s plumages are generally black with broad white tips on the outer tail and also a pale yellow casque and bill. The female has a similar appearance as the male but with smaller bill and black casque (BirdLife International, 2020).
The Black Hornbill mainly feed on large fruits and sometimes small animals including insects, bats or bird eggs (BirdLife International, 2020 ; Kemp et al., 2020). This bird is a common resident of lowland rainforest, usually below 200 m. It is endemic throughout Sundaland and frequently resides in water logged, gallery or swamped forest (Izzauddin et al., 2019).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 2 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest
|
Suitable | Resident |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
3.1 |
| 2015 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
3.1 |
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2004 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 1988 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Abdul Rahman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Protected Areas & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Ahmad Khusaini Bin Mohd Kharip Shah (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Birds,
|
|
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
|
Azmi Mat Ali (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasdi Hassan @ Asang (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Conservation & Management
|
|
Ismail Bin Hj. Mamat (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Meor Amran Bin Meor Zulkifilee (Mr.)
Birdgroup Taman Negara (BGTN)
|
Birds,
Business, Environment, Forest, Management & Tourism
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mustafa Abdul Rahman (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Birds,
|
|
Rahmah Binti Ilias (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Yeap Chin Aik (Mr.)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Awareness, Biodiversity, Biological Resource, Conservation, Ecosystems, Education, Forest, Landscape, Management, Protected Areas & Traditional Knowledge (TK)
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- David, G., Roslan, A., Azhar, I. & Abdullah, M.T. (2017). Birds in Tanjung Mentong, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 32, 85-92. http://www.wildlife.gov.my/images/document/penerbitan/jurnal/2017/09.pdf
- Nakashima, Y., Lagan, P. & Kitayama, K. (2007). A Study of Fruit–Frugivore Interactions in Two Species of Durian (Durio, Bombacaceae) in Sabah, Malaysia. 40 (2), 255–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00335.x
- Norshaqinah, A., Muzneena, A.M., Senawi, J. & Norhayati, A. (2018). Distribution and abundance of vertebrate animal road-kills on Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal. , 9
- Suis, M.A.F., Miun, J., Tingkoi, L. & Nilus, R. (2019). Inventory of terrestrial mammals and birds in Sungai Pin Conservation Area, Kinabatangan. Sepilok Bulletin. 28, 49-68. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol%2028%20(2019).pdf
- Tuen, A.A., Sapian, A.F., Ismail, K., Peter, C., Haba, M.H.A.-H. & Lee, C.C. (2018). Avifauna in Logged-Over Forest of Upper Baleh, Sarawak. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 8 (2), 66-74. http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/BJRST/article/view/1197/711
Book
- Hornbills in the City: A Conservation Approach to Hornbill Study in Singapore, 2012. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 222.
- Looking at Loagan - A Journey Into Loagan Bunut National Park, Sarawak, 2006. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. pp. 75.
- Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
- MNS Bird Conservation Council. 2015. A Checklist of the Birds of Malaysia Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society - Bird Conservation Council, Malaysia. pp. 60.
- The Network of Protected Forests in Telupid, Sabah: Biodiversity & Conservation in the Heart of Borneo, 2014. Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia. pp. 155.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohamed Zin, Y., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2013). Banjaran Bintang Gunung Inas, Kedah: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 245.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
- Al Zahri, M. & Norhayati, A. (2022). Burung-burung Malaysia : Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS), Volume 2. Kementerian Tenaga & Sumber Asli, Malaysia. pp. 100. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Davison, G.W.H. & Chew, Y. F. (1995). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. New Holand Ltd. pp. 144.
- Francis, C.M. (1998). A Pocket Guide To The Birds of Borneo, Third Edition. The Sabah Society, Malaysia.
- Gregory-Smith, R. (1995). The Birds of Sarawak: A Pocket Checklist. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Gumal, M.T., Hon, J. & Kong, D. (2008). Birds and Bats of Loagan Bunut National Park Sarawak, Malaysia, Issue/No. 11. Peat Swamp Forest Project, UNDP/GEF Funded (MAL/99/G31) in collaboration with the Sarawak Forest Department and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Malaysia. pp. 1-105.
- Hasdi, H. (2008). Rezab Hidupan Liar Sungai Dusun: Inspirasi Rimba Alam. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 74.
- Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohd Nor, D.H. (2007). Avifauna: Taman Negara: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 44.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohamad Rufino, B.M. (2007). Avifauna: Paya Indah Wetlands: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Myers, S. (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo. Simon Papps, Singapore. pp. 272.
- Nik Ahmad Irwan Izzauddin, N. H., Suhaila, A.H. & Zarul, H.H. (2019). Royal Belum-Temengor Rainforest : The Hidden Treasure of Perak. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia and Kementerian Air, Tanah dan Sumber Asli. pp. 300.
- Omar, R. (2018). Birds of the Forests of Peninsular Malaysia: A Photographic Guide. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, Malaysia. pp. 351.
- Rajendran, S. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (2021). Malaysian Birds - A Glimpse. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Malaysia. pp. 1-335.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 1. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 369.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
- Strange, M. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (1993). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Sun Tree Publishing, Singapore. pp. 270.
- Strange, M. (2000). A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Malaysia & Singapore including Southeast Asia, The Philippines and Borneo. Eric Oey, Singapore. pp. 398.
- Jeyarajasingam, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 449.
Magazine/Bulletin
- Malaysian Naturalist, Vol. 72 (2), 2/2019. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
Online
- Research discovers Temiar language’s unique ability to identify birds. Retrieved April 05, 2018, from https://www.star2.com/living/2018/03/30/temiar-people-bird-identification/ — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Di Dario, F.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
Pamphlet/Brochure
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mr. Allen Jeyarajasingam, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid & Muhammad Al Zahri
Species Citation :- Anthracoceros malayanus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20689. [Retrieved 28 November 2023].
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