Native Animals
Aplonis panayensis
Asian Glossy Starling
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2016
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Phylum
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epithetpanayensis (Scopoli, 1786)
-
Infraspecific
- subsp. heterochlora (Oberholser, 1917)
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Common Name
- Asian Glossy Starling (English)
- Asian Philipine Glossy Starling (English)
- Perling Mata Merah (Malay)
- Philippine Glossy Starling (English)
-
ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The Asian Glossy Starling (Aplonis panayensis) also known as the Philippine Glossy Starling or Perling Mata Merah in Malay is a bird in the Sturnidae (Starlings) family. It is widely distributed across the Oriental region ranging from India to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and Philippines (Phillipps, 2014). It is known to inhabit wide variety of habitats such as town, plantations, parks and gardens. Mainly roosting in large flocks in towns or roadside trees, the Asian Glossy Starlings always feed on soft fruits like papaya, banana, mango and figs. It will sometimes descend to the ground feeding on fallen fruit. The tree holes and roof spaces or cracks in the concrete building are the places where this bird builds their nest (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993; Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012).
This species can be easily identified by the bright red eyes and glossy dark green plumage that appears all black in poor light condition. Meanwhile, the juvenile of Asian Glossy Starling has blackish-brown upperparts with slight greenish shade including whitish underparts with bold blackish streaks on it (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993; Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012).
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Colony / Group
|
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Arable Land
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 2 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Plantations
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 3 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Rural Gardens
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 4 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Urban Areas
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 5 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Forest Vegetation Above High Tide Level
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 6 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Resident |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2009 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 2004 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 1988 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Structure
Beak / Bill
Color
Black
Eyes
Color
Red
Legs
Color
Black
Location
by State Location
- Johore 6
- Kedah 2
- Pahang 3
- Penang 1
- Perak 3
- Sabah 1
- Selangor 1
- Terengganu 1
- Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur 2
- Federal Territories of Putrajaya 2
by Protected Areas Location
- Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | ||||||
| 3 | ||||||
| 30 | ||||||
| 4 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Abdul Rahman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Protected Areas & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Ahmad Khusaini Bin Mohd Kharip Shah (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Birds,
|
|
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
|
Azmi Mat Ali (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasdi Hassan @ Asang (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Conservation & Management
|
|
Ismail Bin Hj. Mamat (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Meor Amran Bin Meor Zulkifilee (Mr.)
Birdgroup Taman Negara (BGTN)
|
Birds,
Business, Environment, Forest, Management & Tourism
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mustafa Abdul Rahman (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Birds,
|
|
Rahmah Binti Ilias (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Yeap Chin Aik (Mr.)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Awareness, Biodiversity, Biological Resource, Conservation, Ecosystems, Education, Forest, Landscape, Management, Protected Areas & Traditional Knowledge (TK)
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Azman, N.M., Abdul Latip, N.S., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A., Shafie, N.J. & Khairuddin, N.L. (2011). Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds in a Secondary Forest, an Oil Palm Plantation and a Paddy Field in Riparian Areas of the Kerian River Basin, Perak, Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research (TSLR) 22 (2), 45–64
- Hamza, A., David, G., McAfee, A. & Abdullah, M.T. (2018). Annotated Checklist of Avifauna in Pulau Bidong, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 13 (1), 103-116. http://jssm.umt.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2020/05/bab-9-13.1.pdf
- Hamza, A., Mamat, I.B.H. & Abdullah, M.T. (2019). Results of a seabird survey at the Southern Seribuat Archipelago, Johor, Malaysia. Marine Ornithology 47 (1), 49-53. http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/47_1/47_1_49-53.pdf
- Idilfitri, S. & Mohamad, N.H.N. (2012). Role of Ornamental Vegetation for Birds' Habitats in Urban Parks: Case Study FRIM, Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 68, 894-909
- Jambari, A., Azhar, B., Ibrahim, N.L., Jamian, S., Hussin, A., Chong, L.P., Noor, H.M., Yusof, E. & Zakaria, M. (2012). Avian Biodiversity and Conservation in Malaysian Oil Palm Production Areas. Journal of Oil Palm Research 24, 1277-1286. http://palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/publications/joprv24april2012-Asrul.pdf
- Joeman, B.D, G.Hubert, Petol & V., Rudolf (2019). Avifaunal survey of Ulu Kalang Forest Reserve in the district of Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia. Sepilok Bulletin. 28, 69-80
- Joeman, B.D, G.Hubert, Petol & V., Rudolf (2019). Avifaunal survey of Ulu Kalang Forest Reserve in the district of Tenom, Sabah, Malaysia. Sepilok Bulletin, 28: 69-79. . http://myagric.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/19108/1/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol%2028%20%282019%29.pdf#page=73
- Lim, W.S. & Mojiol, A.R. (2019). A Preliminary Assessment on Avian Community in the Urban Forest of Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Transactions on Science and Technology, 6(3): 292-297. . https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lim-Wing-Shen/publication/336210760_A_Preliminary_Assessment_on_Avian_Community_in_the_Urban_Forest_of_Universiti_Malaysia_Sabah/links/5d94892c299bf10cff211313/A-Preliminary-Assessment-on-Avian-Community-in-the-Urban-Fore
- Sodhi, N.S., Briffett, C., Lee, B.P.Y-H. & Subaraj, R. (1999). An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 125-130
- Suis, M.A.F., Miun, J., Tingkoi, L. & Nilus, R. (2019). Inventory of terrestrial mammals and birds in Sungai Pin Conservation Area, Kinabatangan. Sepilok Bulletin. 28, 49-68. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol%2028%20(2019).pdf
- Azman, N.M., Abdul Latip, N.S., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A., Ahmad, A. & Shafie, N.J. (2014). Diversity and Temporal Distribution of Birds in Rice-Growing Landscape, Northern Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 43 (4), 513-520. http://www.ukm.my/jsm
Book
- Birds of FRIM, 2003. Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 49.
- FRIM : A Year of Colours, 2014. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 127.
- Guidebook to the Biodiversity of Linting wetlands, 2015. Wetlands International, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Island Life: A Natural History of Pulau Tengah, Johor, Malaysia, 2018. WS Lifestyle, Singapore. pp. 163.
- MNS Bird Conservation Council. 2015. A Checklist of the Birds of Malaysia Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society - Bird Conservation Council, Malaysia. pp. 60.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohamed Zin, Y., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2013). Banjaran Bintang Gunung Inas, Kedah: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 245.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
- Akashah, M., Noordin, N., Kasim, A. & Dzahiri, F. (2012). Bird Map Putrajaya Lake and Wetland: UNECO - IHP Ecohydrology Programme. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 120.
- Asyraf, M., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S. & Rahmad, Z. (2015). Pictorial Guide To The Plant and Bird Life of Byram Mangrove Forest, Penang. Penerbit USM, Malaysia. pp. 190.
- Davison, G.W.H. & Chew, Y. F. (1995). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. New Holand Ltd. pp. 144.
- Gumal, M.T., Hon, J. & Kong, D. (2008). Birds and Bats of Loagan Bunut National Park Sarawak, Malaysia, Issue/No. 11. Peat Swamp Forest Project, UNDP/GEF Funded (MAL/99/G31) in collaboration with the Sarawak Forest Department and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Malaysia. pp. 1-105.
- Ilias, R., Aminurddin Ahmad, M., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Abidin, F.A.Z. (2007). Avifauna: Kuala Gula, Perak: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohd Nor, D.H. (2007). Avifauna: Taman Negara: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 44.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohamad Rufino, B.M. (2007). Avifauna: Paya Indah Wetlands: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Latiff, A. (2010). Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve: Green Lung of Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 100.
- Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
- Maimon, A., Norhayati, A. & Latiff, A. (2017). Mekar Putrajaya: Putrajaya Blooms. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 181.
- Myers, S. (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo. Simon Papps, Singapore. pp. 272.
- Omar, R. (2018). Birds of the Forests of Peninsular Malaysia: A Photographic Guide. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, Malaysia. pp. 351.
- Phang, S.M., Affendi, Y.A., Ooi, J.L.S. & Haji, A.J.M. (2008). Natural History of The Pulau Tioman Group of Islands. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 292.
- Phillipps, Q. (2014). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. Third Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom. pp. 337, 372.
- Rajendran, S. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (2021). Malaysian Birds - A Glimpse. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Malaysia. pp. 1-335.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 1. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 369.
- Chan, K.S & See, C.M (2020). Coastal Mangrove Birds of Bagan Datuk, Perak. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 80.
- Strange, M. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (1993). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Sun Tree Publishing, Singapore. pp. 270.
- Jeyarajasingam, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 449.
Chapter in book
- Inventori Hidupan Liar di Putrajaya. In Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya. pp. 1-52.
Checklist
- Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara (1981)
Report
- Laporan 'Taman Negara Bird Count 2016', 4 - 6 Mac 2016, Malaysia.
- Laporan Inventori Hidupan Liar Putrajaya 2019. Kementerian Air, Tanah dan Sumber Asli (KATS) dan Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Semenanjung Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Laporan Program Kajian Inventori dan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Tahun 2017, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya. Perbadanan Putrajaya & PERHILITAN, Malaysia.
- Pallewatta, N., Reaser, J.K. & Gutierrez, A.T. (2003). Prevention and Management of Invasive Alien Species: Proceedings of a Workshop on Forging Cooperation throughout South and Southeast Asia. The Global Invasive Species Programme.
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Publications
Related by Family
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Anis Syafiqah Binti Mohamad Amir Hamzah, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mrs. Hakimah Binti Jaafar, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurliyana Binti Abd Rahman, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Ms. Nurul Atikah Abu Bakar, Mr. Simon Kuyun, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Danaraj Maniam, Mohd Rosmadi Hassan, Mohd Suhaimi Bin Mohd Yusof, Tan Kok Kiat & Yasser Arifin
Species Citation :- Aplonis panayensis. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20704. [Retrieved 23 March 2023].
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