Native Animals
Buceros bicornis
Great Hornbill
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2020
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetbicornis Linnaeus, 1758
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Common Name
- Concave-casqued Hornbill (English)
- Enggang Papan (Malay)
- Great Hornbill (English)
- Henwaan (Temiar)
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ResidentialNative
Description
One of the larger members of the hornbill family, Buceros bicornis known commonly as Great hornbill is usually seen in small numbers and are found in the forest from lowlands to 1,500 m above sea level.
The males and females are similar except that the irises of males are red while those of females are white (Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012). The male has black and white plumage with some white parts washed yellow. This is due to the oily exudation produced by the uropygial gland when the bird is preening. It rubs its head against the gland situated at the upper base of the tail and transfers this oil to its plumage.
Generally, they feed on fruits, but they also feed on small mammals, birds, small reptiles, and insects. The biggest threat to this species is habitat destruction, and particularly the removal of the old-growth trees that these birds require for nesting (IUCN, 2017).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
Suitable | Resident |
| 2 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
|
Suitable | Resident |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 2018 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
3.1 |
| 2017 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
3.1 |
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2015 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
3.1 |
| 2013 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2004 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
N/A |
| 1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
| 1988 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Abdul Rahman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Protected Areas & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Ahmad Khusaini Bin Mohd Kharip Shah (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Birds,
|
|
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Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
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Azmi Mat Ali (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasdi Hassan @ Asang (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Conservation & Management
|
|
Ismail Bin Hj. Mamat (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Meor Amran Bin Meor Zulkifilee (Mr.)
Birdgroup Taman Negara (BGTN)
|
Birds,
Business, Environment, Forest, Management & Tourism
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mustafa Abdul Rahman (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Birds,
|
|
Rahmah Binti Ilias (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
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Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Yeap Chin Aik (Mr.)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Awareness, Biodiversity, Biological Resource, Conservation, Ecosystems, Education, Forest, Landscape, Management, Protected Areas & Traditional Knowledge (TK)
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PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Book
- Hornbills in the City: A Conservation Approach to Hornbill Study in Singapore, 2012. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 222.
- MNS Bird Conservation Council. 2015. A Checklist of the Birds of Malaysia Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society - Bird Conservation Council, Malaysia. pp. 60.
- The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people, 2020. FAO and UNEP, Rome, Italy. pp. 214. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
- Al Zahri, M. & Norhayati, A. (2022). Burung-burung Malaysia : Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS), Volume 2. Kementerian Tenaga & Sumber Asli, Malaysia. pp. 100. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Davison, G.W.H. & Chew, Y. F. (1995). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. New Holand Ltd. pp. 144.
- Jain, A., Lee, J.G.H., Chao, N., Lees, C., Orenstein, R., Strange, B.C., Chng, S.C.L., Marthy, W., Yeap, C.A. & Rao, M. (2018). Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil): Status Review, Range-wide Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2018-2027). IUCN SSC Hornbill Specialist Group. pp. 54. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohd Nor, D.H. (2007). Avifauna: Taman Negara: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 44.
- Jeyarajasingam, A., Norhayati, A., Yasser, M.A. & Ilias, R. (2016). Burung-burung Malaysia : Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Penerbit UKM, Bangi, Malaysia. pp. 165. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ] — [ | eBook (EPUB) ]
- Omar, R. (2018). Birds of the Forests of Peninsular Malaysia: A Photographic Guide. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre, Malaysia. pp. 351.
- Rajendran, S. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (2021). Malaysian Birds - A Glimpse. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Malaysia. pp. 1-335.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 1. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 369.
- Strange, M. (2000). A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Malaysia & Singapore including Southeast Asia, The Philippines and Borneo. Eric Oey, Singapore. pp. 398.
- Jeyarajasingam, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 449.
Legislation
- Akta Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar 2010 (2010) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Akta Perdagangan Antarabangsa Mengenai Species Terancam 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Wildlife Conservation Act (2010). Laws of Malaysia Act 716 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Magazine/Bulletin
- Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife with a focus on the Golden Triangle (Lao PDR, Myanmar and Thailand) (2020). TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- MALAYSIA - Birdwatching Paradise (October 2015). Tourism Malaysia, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Malaysia, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Malaysian Naturalist, Vol. 72 (2), 2/2019. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
- Malaysian Naturalist, Vol. 72 (3), 3/2019. Malaysian Nature Society, Malaysia.
- Conservation Malaysia (19), 2014. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- FRIM in FOCUS (March 2022). Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
Online
- Malaysian hornbill bust reveals live trafficking trend in Southeast Asia. Retrieved October 02, 2021, from https://news.mongabay.com/2021/09/malaysian-hornbill-bust-reveals-live-trafficking-trend-in-southeast-asia/ — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Research discovers Temiar language’s unique ability to identify birds. Retrieved April 05, 2018, from https://www.star2.com/living/2018/03/30/temiar-people-bird-identification/ — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Di Dario, F.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
Report
- Birds and biodiversity targets: what do birds tell us about progress to the Aichi Targets and requirements for the post-2020 biodiversity framework?. BirdLife International. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Phassaraudomsak, M., Krishnasamy, K. & Chng, S.C.L. (2019). Trading Faces: Online Trade of Helmeted and other Hornbill Species on Facebook in Thailand. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mr. Allen Jeyarajasingam, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid & Muhammad Al Zahri
Species Citation :- Buceros bicornis. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/20943. [Retrieved 28 November 2023].
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