Native Animals
Eretmochelys imbricata
Hawksbill Turtle
CR
Critically Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2009
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Phylum
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epithetimbricata (Linnaeus, 1766)
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Common Name
- Carey (English)
- Hawksbill (English)
- Hawksbill Sea Turtle (English)
- Hawksbill Turtle (English)
- Penyu (Malay)
- Penyu Karah (Malay)
- Penyu Sisik (Malay)
- Turtle (English)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The Hawksbill Turtle or Penyu Karah in Malay is one of four sea turtle species that are known to nest in Malaysia. It has four pairs of distinctly overlapping costal scutes, two pairs of prefrontal scales and long and pointed jaws. The underside is cream and the shell is flamed brown (Das, 2010). This sea turtle live on coral reefs and usually around offshore islands. It feeds mainly on sponges but also take other organisms. Females lay about 32-250 eggs per clutch and nesting beaches occur scattered throughout the tropics to prevent large-scale egg collection and slaughter of adults and it also complicates conservation effects.
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Oviparous — Reproduction through production of eggs that have membranes and/or shells.
|
|
| 2 |
Terrestrial — An animal that lives on/near the ground or a plant that grows on/in/from land
|
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Marine Intertidal → Mangrove Submerged Roots
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 2 |
Marine Intertidal → Mud Flats and Salt Flats
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 3 |
Marine Intertidal → Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, etc.
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 4 |
Marine Neritic → Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope)
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 5 |
Marine Neritic → Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 6 |
Marine Neritic → Macroalgal/Kelp
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 7 |
Marine Neritic → Pelagic
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 8 |
Marine Neritic → Seagrass (Submerged)
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 9 |
Marine Neritic → Subtidal Muddy
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 10 |
Marine Neritic → Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 11 |
Marine Oceanic → Epipelagic (0 - 200 m)
|
Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
N/A |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
3.1 |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
N/A |
| 1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 1990 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 1988 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 1986 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 1982 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Amirrudin Bin Ahmad (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Amphibians, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Fishes, Reptiles,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Charles Leh Moi Ung (Dr.)
Sarawak Museum Department (JMS)
|
Fishes, Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin, Crustaceans,
Biodiversity & Science
|
|
Chen Pelf Nyok (Dr.)
Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia (TCS)
|
Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin (Ecology), Reptiles (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Education & Environment
|
|
Kaviarasu Munian (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology),
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|
Lim Boo Liat (Dr.)
|
Reptiles (Ecology), Rodents (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohamad Rosni Bin Othman (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Amphibians, Coral Reefs, Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin, Amphibians,
Law and Policy, Management & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Rodents (Taxonomy), Reptiles,
Molecular, Biodiversity & Science
|
|
Norhayati Binti Ahmad (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Frogs and Toads, Snakes, Amphibians, Reptiles,
|
|
Teo Eng Wah (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Reptiles, Amphibians,
Invasive Alien Species
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Book
- ASEAN Biodiversity Outlook 2, 2017. ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity, Philippines. pp. 220. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Handbook on the Living Marine Resources of Malaysia Marine Park, 2011. Department of Marine Park Malaysia, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 123.
- Island Life: A Natural History of Pulau Tengah, Johor, Malaysia, 2018. WS Lifestyle, Singapore. pp. 163.
- Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
- Pesona Perikanan Malaysia, 2016. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
- Beastall, C.A. & Chng, S.C.L. (2021). Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife in Southeast Asia. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Das, I. (2010). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK), England. pp. 369.
- Kolby, J.E (2021). Identification Guide to Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles: Parts, Products and Derivatives in Trade. CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Mohammad Khairi, A (2007). Taman Negara Pulau Pinang: Sinar Mutiara Belantara. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Malaysia. pp. 112.
- Saleem, M. (2007). Marine BioValley Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. pp. 1-67.
- Vie, J.-C, Hilton-Taylor, C. & Stuart, S.N. (2009). Wildlife in a Changing World - An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. pp. 180. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Chapter in book
- Das, I. & Norsham, S.Y. (2007). Status of Knowledge of The Malaysia Herpetofauna. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 31-81.
- Kamarruddin, I., Nazuki, S. & Zaidnuddin, I.A Survey on Marine Turtles in Pulau Layang Layang, Malaysia. In Mohamed, P.A. (Ed.), Marine Biodiversity of Pulau Layang Layang, Malaysia. Marine Research Station Layang Layang (MARSAL), Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia. pp. 34-42.
- Gambang, A.C., Daud, A., Lim, A.P.K. & Osman, M. (2004). Fish Community of Pulau Layang Layang. In Mohamed, P.A. (Ed.), Marine Biodiversity of Pulau Layang Layang, Malaysia. Marine Research Station Layang Layang (MARSAL), Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia. pp. 43-58.
Online
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
- Di Dario, F.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
- Lim, A.G. & Izarenah, M.R. (2017). Total Economic Value of Marine Biodiversity, Malaysia Marine Parks. Jabatan Taman Laut Malaysia, Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar. Retrieved March 21, 2018, from http://www.dmpm.nre.gov.my/v1/e-perpustakaan/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/BUKU-TOTAL-ECONOMIC-VALUE-OF-MARINE-BIODIVERSITY-Draf-9-FINAL.pdf — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J.The Reptile Database. Retrieved April 25, 2017, from http://www.reptile-database.org
Pamphlet/Brochure
- Identification Sheets for Wildlife Species Traded in Southeast Asia (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Turtles of Malaysia (2019) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Report
- 2021 Annual Report. IUCN SSC Asian Species Action Partnership (ASAP). — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- 5th National Report to Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- A Rapid Assessment on the Trade in Marine Turtles in Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam. TRAFFIC. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Living Blue Planet Report. Species, habitats and human well-being. WWF, Gland, Switzerland. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Sixth National Report of Malaysia to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resource, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurliyana Binti Abd Rahman, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Khaw Seek Chuan
Species Citation :- Eretmochelys imbricata. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/21128. [Retrieved 27 September 2023].
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