Native Animals
Orlitia borneensis
Malayan Giant Terrapin
CR
Critically Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Peninsular Malaysia
ver 3.1, 2020
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
-
Phylum
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
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Specific Epithetborneensis Gray, 1873
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Common Name
- Baning Dayak (Malay)
- Bornean River Turtle (English)
- Century Turtle (English)
- Juku Juku Besar (Malay)
- Juku-juku Besar (Malay)
- Malayan Giant Terrapin (English)
- Malayan Giant Turtle (English)
- Malaysian Giant Turtle (English)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
Malaysian Giant Turtle is the largest freshwater turtle in Southeast Asia. It’s native to Indonesia and Malaysia (IUCN, 2000). It inhabits large lakes, swamps and slow flowing rivers. This species can be identified by the massive head, the mushroom-shaped vertebral scutes and the absence of greatly enlarged scales on the limbs. Juveniles have rather high shells but it becomes flattened when adult. The colours are blackish above and pale yellowish below, sometimes with dark flecks (Das, 2010). Juveniles may have a dark rim under the marginal scutes.
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Oviparous — Reproduction through production of eggs that have membranes and/or shells.
|
|
| 2 |
Terrestrial — An animal that lives on/near the ground or a plant that grows on/in/from land
|
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
Peninsular Malaysia
|
3.1 |
| 2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
2.3 |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Structure
Carapace
Color
Black
Brown
Grey
Head
Color
Black
Brown
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Amirrudin Bin Ahmad (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Amphibians, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Fishes, Reptiles,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Charles Leh Moi Ung (Dr.)
Sarawak Museum Department (JMS)
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Fishes, Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin, Crustaceans,
Biodiversity & Science
|
|
Chen Pelf Nyok (Dr.)
Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia (TCS)
|
Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin (Ecology), Reptiles (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Education & Environment
|
|
Kaviarasu Munian (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology),
|
|
Lim Boo Liat (Dr.)
|
Reptiles (Ecology), Rodents (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohamad Rosni Bin Othman (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Amphibians, Coral Reefs, Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin, Amphibians,
Law and Policy, Management & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Rodents (Taxonomy), Reptiles,
Molecular, Biodiversity & Science
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|
Norhayati Binti Ahmad (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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Frogs and Toads, Snakes, Amphibians, Reptiles,
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|
Teo Eng Wah (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Reptiles, Amphibians,
Invasive Alien Species
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Book
- Auliya, M. (2007). An Identification Guide to the Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore and Timor Leste. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. pp. 90.
- Beastall, C.A. & Chng, S.C.L. (2021). Identification of Commonly Traded Wildlife in Southeast Asia. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Cox, M.J., Van Dijk, P.P., Nabhitabhata, J. & Kumthorn, T. (2010). A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore & Thailand. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. pp. 144.
- Das, I. (2010). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK), England. pp. 369.
Chapter in book
- Das, I. & Norsham, S.Y. (2007). Status of Knowledge of The Malaysia Herpetofauna. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 31-81.
Legislation
- Akta Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar 2010 (2010) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Akta Perdagangan Antarabangsa Mengenai Species Terancam 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Wild Life Protection Protection Ordinace, 1998
- Wildlife Conservation Act (2010). Laws of Malaysia Act 716 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Online
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
- Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J.The Reptile Database. Retrieved April 25, 2017, from http://www.reptile-database.org
Pamphlet/Brochure
- Identification Sheets for Wildlife Species Traded in Southeast Asia (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Turtles of Malaysia (2019) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Report
- 2021 Annual Report. IUCN SSC Asian Species Action Partnership (ASAP). — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Morgan, J. (2018). Slow and Steady: The Global Footprint of Jakarta’s Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Trade. TRAFFIC, Southeast Asia Regional Office, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Schoppe, S. (2008). Science in CITES: The biology and ecology of the Southeast Asian Box Turtle and its uses and trade in Malaysia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Sharma, D.S.K. (1999). Trade Review: Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Trade and Utilisation in Peninsular Malaysia. A Traffic Southeast Asia Report. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Stanford, C.B., Rhodin, A.G.J., Van Dijk, P.P., Horne, B.D., Blanck, T., Goode, E.V., Hudson, R., Russell, R.W., Currylow, A., Eisemberg, C., Frankel, M., Georges, A., Gibbons, P.M., Juvik, J.O., Kuchling, G., Luiselli, L., Shi, H., Singh, S. & Walde, A.D. (2018). Turtles in Trouble : The World’s 25+ Most Endangered Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles. Turtle Conservation Coalition, United States of America. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Publications
Related by Family
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Dr Teo Eng Wah
Species Citation :- Orlitia borneensis. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/21392. [Retrieved 27 March 2023].
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