Native Animals
Gallinula chloropus
Common Moorhen
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2016
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetchloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)
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Common Name
- Common Moorhen (English)
- Eurasian Moorhen (English)
- Pangling Kecil (Malay)
- Tiong Air (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The Common Moorhen, also known as Eurasian Moorhen or Pangling Kecil in Malay is a waterbird species widely distributed across Africa, Europe through Asia except for Australia and New Zealand (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993). This species is known to inhabit the unused mining pools, flooded ricefields including overgrown drain and ditches. It is usually seen in small groups, paddling on water surface vegetation.
Measuring around 33 cm in length, the adult Common Moorhen possesses a blackish plumage with white bar along flanks and sides of undertail coverts together with distinct frontal shield behind the red yellow-tipped bill. Two white large oval patches on undertail coverts can be seen when the tail is cocked up. Meanwhile, the juvenile has brownish plumage instead of black with indistinct white line along flanks (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993; Jeyarajasingam & Pearson, 2012).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 2 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 3 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Irrigated Land [includes irrigation channels]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 4 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Irrigated Land [includes irrigation channels]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 5 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Ponds [below 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 6 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Ponds [below 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 7 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Water Storage Areas [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 8 |
Artificial - Aquatic → Water Storage Areas [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 9 |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal → Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 10 |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal → Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 11 |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal → Coastal Freshwater Lakes
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 12 |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal → Coastal Freshwater Lakes
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 13 |
Wetlands → Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands [generally over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 14 |
Wetlands → Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands [generally over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 15 |
Wetlands → Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 16 |
Wetlands → Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 17 |
Wetlands → Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 18 |
Wetlands → Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 19 |
Wetlands → Permanent Inland Deltas
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 20 |
Wetlands → Permanent Inland Deltas
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 21 |
Wetlands → Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 22 |
Wetlands → Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 23 |
Wetlands → Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 24 |
Wetlands → Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 25 |
Wetlands → Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 26 |
Wetlands → Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 27 |
Wetlands → Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Breeding |
| 28 |
Wetlands → Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 29 |
Wetlands → Shrub Dominated Wetlands
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Suitable | Non-breeding |
| 30 |
Wetlands → Shrub Dominated Wetlands
|
Suitable | Breeding |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2015 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2014 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
N/A |
Location
by State Location
- Penang 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Abdul Rahman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Protected Areas & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Ahmad Khusaini Bin Mohd Kharip Shah (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Birds,
|
|
|
Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
|
|
Azmi Mat Ali (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasdi Hassan @ Asang (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Conservation & Management
|
|
Ismail Bin Hj. Mamat (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Meor Amran Bin Meor Zulkifilee (Mr.)
Birdgroup Taman Negara (BGTN)
|
Birds,
Business, Environment, Forest, Management & Tourism
|
|
Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mustafa Abdul Rahman (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Birds,
|
|
Rahmah Binti Ilias (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
|
Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Yeap Chin Aik (Mr.)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
|
Birds (Ecology),
Awareness, Biodiversity, Biological Resource, Conservation, Ecosystems, Education, Forest, Landscape, Management, Protected Areas & Traditional Knowledge (TK)
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Rajpar, M.N. & Zakaria, M. (2014). Effects of Habitat Characteristics on Waterbird Distribution and Richness in Wetland Ecosystem of Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 28, 105-120
- Zam Beri, A.Z., Shahfiz, M.A., Ahmad Ruzman, N.H., Fauzi, N.F.M., Ag Ahmadni, A.A. & Mohamad, F. (2021). Updates on Avifauna Community in Tasik Meranti, Wang Kelian, Taman Negeri Perlis. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 842(1): p. 012025. . https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/842/1/012025/pdf
Book
- Birds of FRIM, 2003. Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 49.
- Common Birds of Malaysia: A Pocket Field Guide Book. Pertubuhan Kelestarian Ekosistem Alam (NEST), Malaysia. pp. 104.
- Field Guide to the Waterbirds of ASEAN, 2018. ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit (AKECU), South Korea. pp. 300.
- MNS Bird Conservation Council. 2015. A Checklist of the Birds of Malaysia Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society - Bird Conservation Council, Malaysia. pp. 60.
- Abdullah, N.A.T. & Abdul Aziz, M.A. (2019). Winged Beauties: Birds of Sarawak. Pustaka Negeri Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 196.
- Asyraf, M., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S. & Rahmad, Z. (2015). Pictorial Guide To The Plant and Bird Life of Byram Mangrove Forest, Penang. Penerbit USM, Malaysia. pp. 190.
- Davison, G.W.H. & Chew, Y. F. (1995). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. New Holand Ltd. pp. 144.
- Francis, C.M. (1998). A Pocket Guide To The Birds of Borneo, Third Edition. The Sabah Society, Malaysia.
- Gregory-Smith, R. (1995). The Birds of Sarawak: A Pocket Checklist. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohd Nor, D.H. (2007). Avifauna: Taman Negara: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 44.
- Jamaludin, H., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Saaban, S., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Mohamad Rufino, B.M. (2007). Avifauna: Paya Indah Wetlands: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Myers, S. (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo. Simon Papps, Singapore. pp. 272.
- Nee, T. A. & Norhayati, N. (2018). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 3rd Edition, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 174.
- Phillipps, Q. (2014). Phillipps' Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. Third Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom. pp. 337, 372.
- Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
- Rajendran, S. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (2021). Malaysian Birds - A Glimpse. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Malaysia. pp. 1-335.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 1. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 369.
- Strange, M. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (1993). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Sun Tree Publishing, Singapore. pp. 270.
- Jeyarajasingam, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 449.
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Mrs. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurliyana Binti Abd Rahman, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Koay Zhong Ying
Species Citation :- Gallinula chloropus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/21506. [Retrieved 26 April 2024].
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