Native Animals
Mycteria cinerea
Milky Stork
EN
Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2016
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetcinerea (Raffles, 1822)
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Synonym
- Ibis cinereus (Raffles, 1822)
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Common Name
- Botak Upeh (Malay)
- Botak Upih (Malay)
- Milky Stork (English)
- Upih Bakau (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
Description
Milky Stork is a very large bird, named for its creamy-white plumage. This species can be found throughout Southeast Asia and prefers inhabit mangroves and mudflats where it can feed on crabs and mudskippers. Milky Stork can be easily identified by its red, naked head skin with a downward curving yellowish bill and dull pinkish-red feet (Strange & Jeyarajasingam, 1993). The male is slightly larger than the female and has thinner and longer bill. The adults of this species are pure white in colour with black flight feathers while the juveniles have duller, milky brown head and neck with black flight feathers. This stork has been categorized as Endangered due to habitat loss and degradation, poaching, human disturbance, and pollution (BirdLife International, 2016). This rare and spectacular bird is in need of special conservation measures.
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Forest Vegetation Above High Tide Level
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Suitable | Breeding |
| 2 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
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Suitable | Breeding |
| 3 |
Marine Coastal/Supratidal → Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes
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Suitable | Non-breeding |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
3.1 |
| 2013 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 2008 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 2006 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 2004 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 2000 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 1994 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Abdul Rahman (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Protected Areas & Wildlife Trade
|
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Ahmad Khusaini Bin Mohd Kharip Shah (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Birds (Ecology),
Conservation
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Birds,
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|
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Andrew Alek Tuen (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Mammals, Birds,
Protected Areas
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Azmi Mat Ali (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Birds (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Wildlife Trade
|
|
Farah Shafawati Mohd Taib (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Birds, Mammals, Rodents, Treeshrews, Squirrels,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems & Taxonomy
|
|
Hasdi Hassan @ Asang (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Conservation & Management
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Ismail Bin Hj. Mamat (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
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Meor Amran Bin Meor Zulkifilee (Mr.)
Birdgroup Taman Negara (BGTN)
|
Birds,
Business, Environment, Forest, Management & Tourism
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Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
|
|
Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
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Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
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Mustafa Abdul Rahman (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
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Birds,
|
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Rahmah Binti Ilias (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Birds,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Rosli Hashim (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
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Birds (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology), Spiders, Insects,
Biodiversity & Protected Areas
|
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Rosli Ramli (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Birds,
Biodiversity, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
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Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
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Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
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Yeap Chin Aik (Mr.)
Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
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Birds (Ecology),
Awareness, Biodiversity, Biological Resource, Conservation, Ecosystems, Education, Forest, Landscape, Management, Protected Areas & Traditional Knowledge (TK)
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PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Book
- Field Guide to the Waterbirds of ASEAN, 2018. ASEAN-Korea Environmental Cooperation Unit (AKECU), South Korea. pp. 300.
- MNS Bird Conservation Council. 2015. A Checklist of the Birds of Malaysia Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society - Bird Conservation Council, Malaysia. pp. 60.
- Perbadanan Putrajaya & Urban Birding Putrajaya. (2021). A Photographic Guide Book Birds of Putrajaya Malaysia. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 128.
- Davison, G.W.H. & Chew, Y. F. (1995). A Photographic Guide to Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. New Holand Ltd. pp. 144.
- Ilias, R., Aminurddin Ahmad, M., Yatim, H.S.H., Abu Hashim, A.K., Hassan, H., Othman, A. & Abidin, F.A.Z. (2007). Avifauna: Kuala Gula, Perak: Senarai Spesies. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Malaysia (PERHILITAN), Malaysia. pp. 21.
- Ismail, A., Faid, R, Ilias, R. & Yasak, M.N. (2010). The Adaptability of Released Milky Stork in Kuala Gula, Perak. Faculty of Science, Biology Dept., UPM and the Department of Wildlife and National Park, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 62.
- Jeyarajasingam, A., Norhayati, A., Yasser, M.A. & Ilias, R. (2016). Burung-burung Malaysia : Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Penerbit UKM, Bangi, Malaysia. pp. 165. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ] — [ | eBook (EPUB) ]
- Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
- Rajendran, S. & Jeyarajasingam, A. (2021). Malaysian Birds - A Glimpse. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), Malaysia. pp. 1-335.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 1. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 369.
- Rosla, M. (2014). Burung-burung di Semenanjung Malaysia: Hak Milik Kita Yang Terlepas Pandang, Volume 2. Red Door To Hunt, Malaysia. pp. 359.
- Sasekumar, A. & Chong, V.C. (2012). Mangrove and Coastal Environment of Selangor, Malaysia. Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 290.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Azahar, M., Razani, U., Kamaruzaman, A.B., Lim, K.L., Suhaili, R., Jalil, M.S. & Latiff, A. (2005). Sustainable Management of Matang Mangroves: 100 Years and Beyond. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 531.
- Tan, K.K., Nurfarhana-Hizan, H. & Abdul Razak, M.N.R. (2020). Threatened Bird Species of Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 42. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Jeyarajasingam, A. (2012). A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 449.
Checklist
- Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara (1981)
Legislation
- Akta Pemuliharaan Hidupan Liar 2010 (2010) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Akta Perdagangan Antarabangsa Mengenai Species Terancam 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 (2008) — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Wildlife Conservation Act (2010). Laws of Malaysia Act 716 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Publications
Related by Genus
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mr. Allen Jeyarajasingam, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Nur Razan Faiqah Binti Zahili, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Mrs. Rahmah Binti Ilias, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Koay Zhong Ying, Rahmah Ilias & Yasser Arifin
Species Citation :- Mycteria cinerea. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/21987. [Retrieved 22 March 2023].
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