Native Animals
Probarbus jullieni
Jullien's Golden Carp
CR
Critically Endangered
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2019
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
-
Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetjullieni Sauvage, 1880
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Common Name
- Esok (Bajau)
- Giant River Carp (English)
- Ikan Temoleh (Malay)
- Isok Barb (English)
- Jullien's Golden Carp (English)
- Seven-striped Barb (English)
- Temalian (Malay)
- Temelian (Malay)
- Temoleh (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The Jullien's Golden Carp is one of the rarest and most highly valued freshwater carp in the world. It is also one of the largest cyprinids in Peninsular Malaysia, measuring at least 120 cm in length (Zakaria et al., 2012). It is scientifically known as Probarbus jullieni, or commonly known as temoleh, temelian or esok in Malay. This species is distributed in Southeast Asian river basins encompassing Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Malaysia. In Malaysia, it is found in lowland river basins in Pahang, Terengganu and Perak.
One of the interesting features of this fish is its pharyngeal teeth which consists of one row of four teeth (Zakaria-Ismail et al., 2019). It has a small mouth and a long gut. The body of this fish is elongated and it has an attractive golden colouration with five deep black, longitudinal stripes and a uniformly white abdomen. Normally, adults and larger juveniles have much more red and sometimes yellow coloration on the head, body and fins (Froese & Pauly, 2019).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Wetlands → Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]
|
Suitable | Unknown |
| 2 |
Wetlands → Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls]
|
Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Critically Endangered (CR)
|
3.1 |
| 2011 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
3.1 |
| 1996 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Endangered (EN)
|
N/A |
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Fishes (Ecology),
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|
|
Amir Shah Ruddin Md Sah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Fishes (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecology, Ecosystems, Environment, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Amirrudin Bin Ahmad (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Amphibians, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Fishes, Reptiles,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Amy Then Yee Hui (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Fishes (Ecology), Seahorses (Ecology), Mammals (Ecology),
Protected Areas & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Annie Christianus (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Fishes,
Agriculture, Biodiversity, Conservation, Marine & Coastal, Science, Technology & Water
|
|
Aziz Bin Arshad (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Fishes (Taxonomy), Crustaceans (Taxonomy), Fishes (Ecology), Crustaceans (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation & Marine & Coastal
|
|
Charles Leh Moi Ung (Dr.)
Sarawak Museum Department (JMS)
|
Fishes, Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin, Crustaceans,
Biodiversity & Science
|
|
Chong Ving Ching (Prof. Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Fishes,
Agriculture, Marine & Coastal, Environment & Biodiversity
|
|
Haslawati Baharuddin (Dr.)
Fisheries Research Institute Malaysia (FRI)
|
Fishes (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Invasive Alien Species, Conservation, Agriculture, Biological Resource, Climate Change, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Ecology, Environment & Systematics
|
|
Jeffrine Rovie Ryan Japning (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Monkeys, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Science & Technology
|
|
Kaviarasu Munian (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Reptiles (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology),
|
|
Kayal Vizi Karuppannan (Mrs.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
|
Elephants, Fishes, Mammals,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas & Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Khaironizam Md Zain (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Fishes, Insects,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Science
|
|
Khairul Adha Bin A. Rahim (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS)
|
Fishes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Mohamad Aqmal Mohd Naser (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Fishes (Ecology),
Biodiversity
|
|
Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Fishes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Invasive Alien Species & Microorganism
|
|
Mohd Ilham Norhakim Lokman (Mr.)
|
Fishes, Fishes,
Conservation
|
|
Mohd Shafiq Bin Zakeyuddin (Dr.)
TNB Research Sdn Bhd (TNBR)
|
Fishes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Management & Tourism
|
|
Muhammad Fahmi Ahmad (Mr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Fishes,
Biodiversity
|
|
Seah Ying Giat (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Fishes (Taxonomy),
Biodiversity, Marine & Coastal & Molecular
|
|
Siti Azizah Mohd Nor (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Crustaceans, Fishes, Molluscs,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Molecular
|
|
Siti Tafzilmeriam Sheikh Abdul Kadir (Mrs.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Fishes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Marine & Coastal & Science
|
|
Soo Chen Lin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Fishes (Ecology),
Ecosystems & Water
|
|
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli (Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Birds (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology), Molluscs (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Marine & Coastal & Water
|
|
Yusri Yusuf (Mr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Fishes,
|
|
Zarul Hazrin Hashim (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Fishes (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Data Analysis, Ecosystems, Environment, Protected Areas, Water, Marine & Coastal, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Allen, D.J., Smith, K.G. & Darwall, W.R.T. (2012). The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Indo-Burma. , 158 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Baird, I.G. (2006). Probarbus jullieni and Probarbus labeamajor: The management and conservation of two of the largest fish species in the Mekong River in southern Laos. Aquatic Conservation: Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems. 16 (5), 517-532. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.763
- Chong, V.C., Lee, P.K.Y. & Lau, C.M. (2010). Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 76 (9), 2009-2066
- Zakaria, M.H., Amin, S.M.N., Rahman, M.A., Arshad, A., Christianus, A. & Siraj, S.S (2012). Distribution and Conservation of Endangered Temoleh, Probarbus jullieni (Sauvage, 1880). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 15 (13), 604-609. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2012.604.609
Book
- Action Plan for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species in Malaysia, 2007. Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department , Malaysia. pp. 1-53.
- Ikan Air Tawar Semenanjung Malaysia / Freshwater Fishes of Peninsular Malaysia, 2019. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
- Pesona Perikanan Malaysia, 2016. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
- The Nexus of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development in Southeast Asia, 2022. Academy of Sciences Malaysia.
- Ambak, M.A., Mansor, M.I., Zakaria, M.Z. & Mazlan, A.G. (2010). Fishes of Malaysia. Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. pp. 334.
Online
- Anonymous. 12 Feb 2020. Ban on catching Jullien's golden carp in Pahang. The Star. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2020/02/12/ban-on-catching-julliens-golden-carp-in-pahang
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved November 30, 2016, from http://www.iucnredlist.org
- World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from http://www.marinespecies.org
- Froese, R. & Pauly, D.FishBase. Retrieved November 28, 2016, from http://www.fishbase.org
Presentation Slide
Report
- 4th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Mattson, N.S., Buakhamvongsa, K., Sukumasavin, N., Tuan, N. & Vibol, O. (2002). Mekong giant fish species: on their management and biology. MRC Technical Paper No. 3, Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh. pp. 29. Mekong River Commission, Phnom Penh.
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohamad Sufiyan Bin Salmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nursyafiqa Madzlen, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Muhammad Rasul Abdullah Halim
Species Citation :- Probarbus jullieni. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/24234. [Retrieved 06 June 2023].
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