Native Plants

Asplenium nidus

Bird's Nest Fern
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LC
Least Concern
Malaysia Plant Red List
Peninsular Malaysia 2021
LC
Least Concern
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2020
* Assessed according to the IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria Version 3.1
QR Code
SSN 25752
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Taxonomy

  • Kingdom
    Plantae
  • Division
    Tracheophyta
  • Class
    Polypodiopsida   Fern
  • Order
    Polypodiales
  • Family
    Aspleniaceae
  • Genus
    Asplenium
  • Specific Epithet
    nidus L.
  • Infraspecific
    • var. nidus
  • Vernacular Name
    1. Bird's Nest Fern (English)
    2. Crow's-nest Fern (English)
    3. Daun Semun (Malay)
    4. Kahran (Semoq Beri)
    5. Karag (Temiar)
    6. Menik (Batek)
    7. Nest Fern (English)
    8. Paku Langsuir (Malay)
    9. Paku Langsuyar (Malay)
    10. Paku Langsuyer (Malay)
    11. Paku Pandan (Malay)
    12. Paku Rajang (Malay)
    13. Paku Sakat (Malay)
    14. Paku Sarang Burung (Malay)
    15. Rumah Langsuyar (Malay)
    16. Sakat (Malay)
    17. Selimbar (Malay)
    18. Telong (Batek)
  • Residential
    Native
The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description
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Asplenium nidus, commonly known as bird’s nest fern or paku langsuir is an epiphytic fern with a short rhizome and large leaves that can grow up to 150 cm long and 20 cm wide (Huxley, 1992). This species has simple large fronds that look almost similar to banana leaves. The fronds are in light green colour, usually crinkled, with a smooth-edged blade, a black midrib, and exhibit circinate vernation (the emergence of new leaves in ferns by unrolling from a tight coil). Generally, it can be seen in palm trees or bromeliads, where it collects water and humus in its leaf-rosette. The bird’s nest fern can live terrestrially on the ground and epiphytically on the trees. It sometimes grows on rocks at elevations from sea level to 1,200 m (Beentje, 2002). It is native to tropical Africa, Australia and tropical Asia (Piggott, 1988).

Habits
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  Part Habit
 
Epiphyte   —   Growing on another organism but not parasitic. Not growing on the ground.
 
Lithophytes   —   Plants that grow in or on rocks

Habitats
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No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Vegetation → Coastal Vegetation
 Unknown Unknown
2
Asplenium nidus var. nidus
Forest → Hill Dipterocarp Forest
 Unknown Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment
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Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2021 Malaysia Plant Red List
Least Concern (LC)
Peninsular Malaysia
N/A
2020 Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List
Least Concern (LC)
N/A
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A

Structure
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Leaf Apex
2D Shape
Gradually tapering to a point
Acuminate
Leaf Base
2D Shape
 
Rounded
Leaf Venation
Pattern
 
Parallel

Location
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by State Location
  • Johore 3
  • Kedah 2
  • Kelantan 1
  • Malacca 1
  • Negeri Sembilan 1
  • Pahang 13
  • Penang 1
  • Perak 3
  • Selangor 3
  • Terengganu 3
  • Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur 1
  • Federal Territories of Putrajaya 1
by Protected Areas Location
  • Wildlife Sanctuary/Reserve 1
  • National/State Park 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images

Specimen
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Collection Center   Total
Johor National Park
Johor National Parks Corporation
Johore
2
MARDI Herbarium Collection
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
Selangor
2
Plant Collection of Taman Paku Pakis UKM
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Selangor
23
USM Herbarium Collection
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Penang
10

Digital Specimen
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TPP 1036
 
TPP 1098
 
TPP 110
 
TPP 110
 
TPP 1134
 
TPP 1134
 
TPP 1134
 
TPP 1135
 
TPP 1135
 
TPP 275
 
TPP 281
 
TPP 281
 
TPP 293
 
TPP 293
 
TPP 293
 
TPP 297
 
TPP 297
 
TPP 297
 
TPP 519
 
TPP 519
 
TPP 591
 
TPP 591
 
TPP 591
 
TPP 591
 
TPP 629
 
TPP 64
 
TPP 64
 
TPP 64
 
TPP 645
 
TPP 645
 
TPP 645
 
TPP 667
 
TPP 667
 
TPP 736
 
TPP 808
 
TPP 817
 
TPP 820
 
TPP 825
 
TPP 826
 
TPP 828
 
TPP 937

References
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Article
  1. Christensen, C. & Holttum, R.E. (1934). The Gardens' Bulletin, Straits Settlements: The Ferns of Mount Kinabalu. 7 (3), 191-316. http://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardens-bulletin-singapore/-/media/sbg/gardens-bulletin/4-4-07-3-01-y1934-v7p3-gbs-pg-191.pdf
  2. Jaman, R. & Latiff, A. (1999). The Pteridophyte Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 77-100
  3. Julius, K. (2006). Plant diversity in Trus Madi. Sepilok Bulletin. 4, 1-23. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol.%204.pdf
  4. Kiew, R., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Ong, P.T., Kamin, I., Aliaa-Athirah, A.M. & Rafidah, A.R. (2019). Distribution and Conservation Implications of Limestone Plant Species in FELDA Chiku Limestone Flora, Kelantan, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 31 (1), 19-36
  5. Koh, L.P. (2008). Can oil palm plantations be made more hospitable for forest butterflies and birds?. Journal of Applied Ecology 45 (4), 1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01491.x — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  6. Lim, C.L., Siti Munirah, M.Y. & Kiew, R. (2009). Botany of the Berembun Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 61 (2), 143-189. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Chung_Lim4/publication/260079848_Botany_of_the_Berembun_Forest_Reserve_Negeri_Sembilan_Malaysia/links/5539afe80cf226723aba323a.pdf
  7. Maideen, H., Nur-Adilah, N., Damanhuri, A., Jaman, R., Miran, S. & Nazre, M. (2005). Pteridophytes of the Southwestern Endau-Rompin National Park, Johor, Malaysia. The Forests and Biodiversity of Selai Endau-Rompin. pp. 91-94. http://agris.upm.edu.my:8080/dspace/handle/0/7001
  8. Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Kiew, R., Kamin, I. & Chung, R.C.K. (2017). Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem. 2 (e13708), 41. http://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e13708 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  9. Senterre, B., Chew, M.Y. & Chung, R.C.K. (2015). Flora and vegetation of Pulau Babi Tengah, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Check List: The Journal of Biodiversity Data 11 (4), 1-15
Book
  1. A Guide to Mangroves of Johor RAMSAR Sites, 2016. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM).
  2. Biodiversity expedition Sungai Bebar, Pekan, Pahang summary findings, 2005. Peat Swamp Forest Project, UNDP/GEF Funded. pp. 169.
  3. Biodiversity in Plantation Landscapes, 2012. Wild Asia and the Malaysian Palm Oil Council, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 130. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  4. Island Life: A Natural History of Pulau Tengah, Johor, Malaysia, 2018. WS Lifestyle, Singapore. pp. 163.
  5. Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
  6. Mangrove Guidebook for Malaysia, 2015. Wetlands International, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  7. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
  8. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Hutan Simpan Gunung Belumut, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 271.
  9. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
  10. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
  11. Abu Bakar, Mohamed Salleh (2011). Aura Alam: Tumbuhan Hutan Paya Laut Tapak Ramsar Negeri Johor. Perbadanan Taman Negara Johor, Malaysia. pp. 158.
  12. Adler, P.H. (2002). A Guide to Taman Botani Putrajaya: Tropical Roots. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 13.
  13. Ang, L.H., Kaur, R. & Yusof, Z.A. (2012). Rimba Bidor: A Gift to Nature. Tin Tailings Afforestation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 108.
  14. Koh, H.L., Nik Mohd. Shah, N.M., Samsul, A.N., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2008). Bukit Belata, Selangor: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 280.
  15. Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
  16. Azahar, M., Mohd. Hamami, S., Ahmad Said, S., Faridah, Q.Z., Nor Aini, A.S., Jalil, M.S. & Faridah-Hanum, I. (2006). Sustainable Management and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources: Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal Plants, 5-7 December 2005 Kuala Lumpur. Universiti Putra Malaysia dan Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 365.
  17. Azahar, M., Azman, A.R., Che, H.H., Koh, H.L., Norhayati, A. & Latiff, A. (2007). Taman Rimba Kenong, Pahang: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 248.
  18. Boo, C.M., Omar-Hor, K. & Ou-Yang, C.L. (2003). 1001 Garden Plants in Singapore. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 501.
  19. Chua, L.S.L. & Saw, L.G. (2006). Plants of Krau. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 227.
  20. Faridah-Hanum, I. & Shamsul, K. (2004). A guide to the common plants of Ayer Hitam Forest, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, Serdang, Malaysia. pp. 220.
  21. Go, R. (2013). Paya Indah Wetlands : The Array of Plant Life. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (NRE), Malaysia. pp. 100.
  22. Hamdan, O., Tariq Mubarak, H. & Parlan, I. (2020). Status of Mangroves in Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 288.
  23. Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
  24. Huxley, A., Griffiths, M. & Levy, M. (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. MacMillan Press, United States of America. pp. 1-3200.
  25. Madihah, M.N., Tan, A.L., Intan Nurulhani, B., Amizan, N., Dionysia, M., Fadzureena, J., Abdul Hayat, M.S., Amelia, B.A. & Nurul Husna, Z. (2019). Meneroka Rahsia Rimba Warisan Orang Asli Semenanjung Malaysia Jilid 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 362.
  26. Maimon, A., Norhayati, A. & Sharifah Mastura, S.A. (2019). Biodiversity in Oil Palm Malaysia. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. pp. 123.
  27. Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
  28. Mohammad Khairi, A (2007). Taman Negara Pulau Pinang: Sinar Mutiara Belantara. Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Malaysia. pp. 112.
  29. Mohd Nazip, S., Rahmat, Mohamad, Zaini, A. & Mohamad Azlan, M.A. (2011). Kuala Keniam: Nature's Treasure Trove in The Heartland. University Publication Centre (UPENA), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 134.
  30. Mohd. Paiz, K., Norhaidi, Y., Rosilan, S., Norhayati, A. & Latiff, A. (2016). Taman Rimba Kenong, Pahang: The Central Gem of Peninsular Malaysia. Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Pahang, Malaysia. pp. 135.
  31. Noraini, T., Ruzi, A.R., Jaman, R. & Latiff, A. (2008). Ferns and Fern-allies: Taman Paku Pakis UKM, Volume 1. Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 63.
  32. Norhayati, A., Damanhuri, A., Razali, M.S., Latiff, A. & Wan Juliana, W.A (2010). Mangrove Flora of Langkawi. Pusat Penyelidikan Langkawi, Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Lembaga Pembangunan Langkawi (LADA), Malaysia. pp. 150.
  33. Parris, B.S., Kiew, R., Chung, R.C.K. & Cheah, Y.H. (2020). Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-307.
  34. Phang, S.M., Affendi, Y.A., Ooi, J.L.S. & Haji, A.J.M. (2008). Natural History of The Pulau Tioman Group of Islands. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Malaysia. pp. 292.
  35. Piggott, A.G. (1988). Ferns of Malaysia in Colour. Tropical Press Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 458.
  36. Shaharuddin, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., Jalil, M.S., Yusoff, M. & Latiff, A. (2006). Hutan Simpan Gunung Jerai, Kedah: pengurusan, persekitaran fizikal dan kepelbagaian biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 474.
  37. Shaharuddin, M.I., Azahar, M., Razani, U., Kamaruzaman, A.B., Lim, K.L., Suhaili, R., Jalil, M.S. & Latiff, A. (2005). Sustainable Management of Matang Mangroves: 100 Years and Beyond. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 531.
  38. Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
  39. Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
  40. T. Marina, T. Ibrahim & Shamsul, K. (2009). Kepelbagaian Biologi Flora, Fauna dan Nilai Ekonomi Hutan Simpan Tranum, Pahang. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 140.
  41. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 2. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 316, 753.
Newsletter
  1. Veronica, P. (2004, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 24, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/154
Online
  1. Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.gbif.org
  2. Hassler, M. & Schmitt, B.Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World (World Ferns). Retrieved January 26, 2017, from http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns

Publications
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Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Series I: Ferns and Lycophytes, Volume 3 (February 2020)
Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem 2 (e13708), 8/2017
Biodiversity in Plantation Landscapes (2012)

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39 records

Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Mrs. Hakimah Binti Jaafar, Ms. Heng Pooi San, Mrs. Iffa Nurizzati Ismail, Ms. Kamilia Huda Binti Mohd Zaini, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohamad Ikhmal Husin, Mr. Mohamad Ruzi Abdul Rahman, Mr. Nabil Arif Bin Abdul Naim, Ms. Norayuni Binti Ramlee, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Ms. Norli Fauzani Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Ms. Nur Diana Aisyah Binti Khairul Anuar, Ms. Nur Farahin Binti Mustafa, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurliyana Binti Abd Rahman, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Ms. Nurul Fatinizzati Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Siti Nor Hidayati Kamaruddin, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Nurfarhana Hizan, Sam Yen Yen & Tan Sin Hoong

Species Citation :- Asplenium nidus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/25752. [Retrieved 03 June 2023].

Feedback :- If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback.

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