Native Plants

Magnolia champaca

Cempaka
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2014
EN
Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia Endangered
Malaysia Plant Red List
Peninsular Malaysia ver 3.1, 2021
QR Code
SSN 03035
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Taxonomy

  • Kingdom
  • Division
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Specific Epithet
    champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre
  • Infraspecific
    • var. champaca
    • var. pubinervia (Blume) Figlar & Noot.
  • Synonym
  • Vernacular Name
  • Residential
    Native
The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description

Locally known as Cempaka in Malay, Magnolia champaca is a species of the flowering plant mainly distributed from South India to Central China and the Lesser Sunda Islands. This medium-sized to a big tree can grow up to 30-50 m tall with the bole diameter at around 190 cm. It has smooth, grey-brown bark with a cylindrical or conical crown. The elliptic to ovate leaves are arranged spirally with petiole measuring around 14-35 mm long. Each leaf has an acuminate shape at the apex with the acumen measuring around 7-13 mm long.  It has a fragrant flower with cylindrical shaped fruit grouped together like a bunch of woody grapes (Nooteboom, 2012).

The varieties of Magnolia champaca include M. c. var. champaca and M. c. var. pubinervia. The M. c. var. champaca is widely cultivated due to its scented flowers (Burkill, 1966) and often planted in Malay graveyards in Peninsular Malaysia. Meanwhile, the M. c. var. pubinervia has been recorded in the northern Peninsular Malaysia where it is known to inhabit the primary forest at 800 m altitudes (Nooteboom, 2012).

Habitats

No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
Suitable Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment

Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2021 Malaysia Plant Red List
Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia
Endangered (EN)
Peninsular Malaysia
3.1
2014 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Least Concern (LC)
3.1
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A

Location

by State Location
  • Pahang 2
  • Selangor 2
  • Federal Territories of Putrajaya 2
Based on publications, specimens, and images

Biodiversity Experts

Profile
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • History
  • Law and Policy
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Coral Reefs
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Geoinformatics
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Technology
  • Water
  • PM
  • SBH
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • PM
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Climate Change
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
  • Vascular
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • SBH
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular
  • Vascular
  • Amphibians
  • Amphibians
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Climate Change
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Vascular
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Systematics
  • PM
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
  • Vascular
  • Pitcher plants
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Science
  • Systematics
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • PM
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • PM
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Forest
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Orchids (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • Climate Change
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
  • Orchids
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • PM
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Moss
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Ferns (Taxonomy)
  • Protected Areas
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Evolution
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;

References

Article
  1. Abdulrahman, M.D., Ali, A.M., Nur Fatihah, H.N., Khandaker, M.M. & Nashriyah, M. (2018). Traditional medicinal knowledge of Malays in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 70 (3), 349-364
  2. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M. & Tang, L.K. (2014). A Depository of Lowland Forest Tree Species Established on a Brown-Filled Site in Ara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 29, 55-60
Book
  1. Health and Beauty from the Rainforest : Malaysian Traditions of Ramuan, 2009. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 256.
  2. Malaysian Threatened and Rare Tree: Identification and Landscape Guideline, 2017. Sime Darby Property Berhad, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. pp. 98. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  3. Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya, 1998. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 100.
  4. Pokok Utama Berbunga, 2008. Jabatan Landskap Negara. pp. 72. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  5. Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
  6. Chew, M.Y., Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Yap, J.W., Sam, Y.Y. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Wayside Trees: The Natural Pillars and Roofs of the Perdana Botanical Garden. Kuala Lumpur City Hall and Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 182.
  7. Kiew, R., Chung, R.C.K., Saw, L.G. & Soepadmo, E. (2012). Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series II: Seed Plants, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 385.
  8. Maimon, A., Norhayati, A. & Latiff, A. (2017). Mekar Putrajaya: Putrajaya Blooms. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 181.
  9. Mohtar, M., Nik Zanariah, N.M. & Norini, H. (2016). Herba Emas Negara. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 233.
  10. Saw, L.G., Chua, L.S.L. & Nik, A.R. (2009). Malaysia: National Strategy for Plant Conservation. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 61. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  11. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 107.
Chapter in book
  1. Pemuliharaan dan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar. In Pelan Pengurusan Hidupan Liar Putrajaya. PERHILITAN & Perbadanan Putrajaya. pp. 53-90.
  2. Nooteboom, H.P. (2012). Magnoliaceae. In Kiew, R., Chung, R.C.K., Saw, L.G. & Soepadmo, E. (Eds.), Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, Series II: Seed Plants, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 219-247.

Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mr. Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ahmad Azmi, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Ms. Noorkhalilie Binti Che Abd Aziz, Mrs. Norhaslinda Mohd Nor, Ms. Nur Farahin Binti Mustafa, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aliya Imra Asyikin Binti Abd Murad, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Ms. Umairah Binti Ishak & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- Lim Chung Lu, Tan Sin Hoong & Yasser Arifin

Species Citation :- Magnolia champaca. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/3035. [Retrieved 30 November 2023].

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Website Citation: MyBIS (2023). Malaysia Biodiversity Information System. Published on the Internet https://www.mybis.gov.my/, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Malaysia Biodiversity Centre & Forest Research Institute Malaysia. [Retrieved 30 November 2023].