Native Plants
Avicennia officinalis
Api-api Ludat
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2010
NE
Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Division
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epithetofficinalis L.
-
Synonym
- Avicennia obovata Griff.
- Avicennia oepata Buch.-Ham.
- Racka ovata Roem. & Schult.
- Racka torrida J.F.Gmel.
-
Vernacular Name
- Api-api (Malay)
- Api-api Ludat (Malay)
- Api-api Sudu (Sarawak)
- Indian Mangrove (English)
-
ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
So far we know little about the species, apart from its appearance.
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Marine Intertidal → Mangrove Submerged Roots
|
Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2010 | Malaysia Plant Red List |
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
Location
by State Location
- Johore 3
- Kedah 3
- Penang 2
- Perak 1
- Terengganu 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | ||||||
| 6 | ||||||
| 1 | ||||||
| 4 |
Digital Specimen
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution, Forest, History, Law and Policy, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Science
|
|
Alona Cuevas Linatoc (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Coral Reefs, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Geoinformatics, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas, Science, Technology & Water
|
|
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Palms, Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution & Forest
|
|
Avelinah Julius (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Chan Yoke Mui (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation, Biodiversity, Forest & Genetics
|
|
Cheah Yih Horng (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Moss, Vascular,
Biodiversity & Systematics
|
|
Chew Ming Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
E. Soepadmo (Prof.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Vascular,
|
|
|
John Baptist Sugau (Mr.)
Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Vascular,
Agriculture, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Lau Kah Hoo (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular, Ginger,
Conservation
|
|
Lillian Chua Swee Lian (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation
|
|
Lim Chung Lu (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Mahani Bt. Mansor Clyde (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular, Vascular, Amphibians, Amphibians,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Climate Change, Protected Areas & Forest
|
|
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
|
Vascular,
Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Evolution, Genetics, Molecular & Systematics
|
|
Mohd Nazre Salleh @ Japri (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity
|
|
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
|
Vascular, Pitcher plants,
Agriculture, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Science, Systematics & Taxonomy
|
|
Nadiah Idris (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Norzielawati Bt. Salleh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Forest & Protected Areas
|
|
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest & Management
|
|
Ong Poh Teck (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Orchids,
|
|
Rafidah Abdul Rahman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Richard Chung Cheng Kong (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Orchids (Taxonomy), Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Forest, Management, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Sam Yen Yen (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Ginger,
|
|
Saw Leng Guan (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Shamsul Khamis (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Taxonomy
|
|
Siti Aishah Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Marine & Coastal
|
|
Suhaida Mustafa (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Syahida Emiza Suhaimi (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Syazwani Bt. Azeman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Science
|
|
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
|
Orchids, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics & Molecular
|
|
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Agriculture & Biodiversity
|
|
Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Wendy Yong Sze Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation & Biodiversity
|
|
Yao Tze Leong (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Ecosystems
|
|
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Moss, Vascular (Taxonomy), Ferns (Taxonomy),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution & Taxonomy
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Goessens, A., Satyanarayana, B., Van der Stocken, T., Zuniga, M.Q., Husain, M.L., Sulong, I. & Dahdouh-Guebas, F. (2014). Is Matang Mangrove Forest in Malaysia Sustainably Rejuvenating after More than a Century of Conservation and Harvesting Management? PLoS ONE. 9 (8), e105069. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105069
Book
- A Guide to Mangroves of Johor RAMSAR Sites, 2016. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM).
- Guidebook to the Biodiversity of Linting wetlands, 2015. Wetlands International, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Laporan kajian penilaian outcome program penanaman pokok bakau dan spesies-spesies yang sesuai di pesisiran pantai negara, 2014. Kementerian Sumber Asli Dan Alam Sekitar, Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 218. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Mangrove Guidebook for Malaysia, 2015. Wetlands International, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Selangor Mangroves : Black Jewel of the Islands, 2013. Jabatan Perhutanan Negeri Selangor, Malaysia.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
- Abu Bakar, Mohamed Salleh (2011). Aura Alam: Tumbuhan Hutan Paya Laut Tapak Ramsar Negeri Johor. Perbadanan Taman Negara Johor, Malaysia. pp. 158.
- Asyraf, M., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A., Shahrul Anuar, M.S. & Rahmad, Z. (2015). Pictorial Guide To The Plant and Bird Life of Byram Mangrove Forest, Penang. Penerbit USM, Malaysia. pp. 190.
- Che Abd Rahim, Mohamed, Fathul Karim, S., Azima, A.M., Zaidi, C.C., Mustaffa, O. & Lee, J.N. (2010). Penyelidikan Pantai Timur Johor : Mersing Warisan Terpelihara. Pusat Penyelidikan Ekosistem Marin (EKOMAR), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 256.
- Hamdan, O., Tariq Mubarak, H. & Parlan, I. (2020). Status of Mangroves in Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 288.
- Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
- Mohd Afendi, H., Marzalina, M., Tariq Mubarak, H. & Wan Tarmeze, W. A. (2013). Tumbuhan Pesisir Pantai: Fenologi dan Penyediaan Bahan Tanaman. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 120.
- Norhayati, A., Damanhuri, A., Razali, M.S., Latiff, A. & Wan Juliana, W.A (2010). Mangrove Flora of Langkawi. Pusat Penyelidikan Langkawi, Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Lembaga Pembangunan Langkawi (LADA), Malaysia. pp. 150.
- Norhayati, A. & Maimon, A. (2012). Sungai Santi Forest Reserve: Mangrove Splendour of South-East Johor. Penerbit UKM, Bangi, Malaysia. pp. 112.
- Geoforest Parks: Hanging Gardens of Langkawi, 2005. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 117.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Azahar, M., Razani, U., Kamaruzaman, A.B., Lim, K.L., Suhaili, R., Jalil, M.S. & Latiff, A. (2005). Sustainable Management of Matang Mangroves: 100 Years and Beyond. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 531.
- Wan Juliana, W.A, Norhayati, A. & Abdul Latiff, M. (2018). Flora Bakau Malaysia : Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Penerbit UKM, Bangi, Malaysia. pp. 101.
- Wan Juliana, W.A, Norhayati, A. & Abdul Latiff, M. (2018). Mangrove Flora of Malaysia: Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. pp. 100. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Chapter in book
- Khaironizam, M.Z. & Norma-Rashid, Y. (2005). Distribution of Mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) on the Selangor Coast. In Sasekumar, A. & Chong, V.C. (Eds.), Ecology of Klang Strait. Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,. pp. 105-116.
Legislation
Newsletter
- Ida Suraini, A.S. & Nik Zanariah, N.M. (2008, March). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 18, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/144
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Mr. Mohamad Ikhmal Husin, Mr. Mohamad Shafiq Hafizee Bin Mohd Azali, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Ms. Nurul Fatinizzati Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Siti Nur Najihah Musa, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Ms. Umairah Binti Ishak & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Norhayati Binti Ahmad & Yasser Arifin
Species Citation :- Avicennia officinalis. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/32176. [Retrieved 21 March 2023].
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