Native Plants

Eusideroxylon zwageri

Belian
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 2.3, 1998
NE
Not Evaluated
Malaysia Plant Red List
2010
QR Code
SSN 39067
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Taxonomy

The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description

Commonly known as Belian, this species is a large tree that can reach 2.2 m in diameter. It produces one of the heaviest and most durable timbers in the world which is used for outdoor construction and marine construction such as docks and ship building. Belian tree can be found in Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines. It grows in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests up to 500 m altitude and prefers on well-drained soils in Sabah and Sarawak (Yong et al., 2011). Due to habitat degradation, habitat loss and over exploitation of its timber, this species faces major threatened in Sabah and Sarawak and has been assessed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List (Asian Regional Workshop, 1998).

 

 

Habits

  Part Habit
 
Terrestrial   —   An animal that lives on/near the ground or a plant that grows on/in/from land

Habitats

No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Forest → Lowland Mixed Dipterocarp Forest
Unknown Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment

Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Not Evaluated (NE)
N/A
1998 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Vulnerable (VU)
2.3

Biodiversity Experts

Profile
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • History
  • Law and Policy
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Coral Reefs
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Geoinformatics
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Technology
  • Water
  • PM
  • SBH
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • PM
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Climate Change
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
  • Vascular
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • SBH
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular
  • Vascular
  • Amphibians
  • Amphibians
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Climate Change
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Vascular
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Systematics
  • PM
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
  • Vascular
  • Pitcher plants
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Science
  • Systematics
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • PM
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • PM
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Forest
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Orchids (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • Climate Change
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
  • Orchids
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • PM
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Moss
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Ferns (Taxonomy)
  • Protected Areas
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Evolution
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;

References

Article
  1. Ajik, M. & Kimjus, K. (2015). Vegetative propagation of Eusideroxylon zwageri (Belian). Sepilok Bulletin. (21 & 22), 59-63. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol.%2021%20&%20Vol.%2022.pdf
  2. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M. & Tang, L.K. (2014). A Depository of Lowland Forest Tree Species Established on a Brown-Filled Site in Ara Damansara, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 29, 55-60
  3. Gumal, M.T. (2004). Diurnal home range and roosting trees of a maternity colony of Pteropus vampyrus natunae (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Sedilu, Sarawak. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20 (3), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467403001275
  4. Ng, F.S.P (2013). Age of Trees in Tropical Rainforest Estimated by Timing of Wood Decay. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 25 (3), 437-441
Book
  1. Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
  2. Abd. Latif, M., Awang, M.R., Mohti, A., Zawiah, N., Nordahlia, A.S., Norain, M.A & Liza, I (2020). Flora Mercu Tanda Negeri-negeri Di Malaysia. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia.
  3. Abd. Latif, M., Mohti, A., Samsudin, M. & Parlan, I. (2020). Malaysia's Tropical Rainforests - Splendour To Behold. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 212.
  4. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
  5. Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
  6. Boo, C.M., Omar-Hor, K. & Ou-Yang, C.L. (2003). 1001 Garden Plants in Singapore. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 501.
  7. Chang, Y.S., Mazura, M.P. & Nik Musa'adah, M. (2008). Plant, Health and Man - Past, Present and Future . Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia. pp. 343.
  8. Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
  9. Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. & MacKinven, A. (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 1-628.
  10. Phillipps, Q. & Phillipps, K. (2016). Phillipps’ Guide to the Mammals of Borneo and their Ecology: Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei, and Kalimantan. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. pp. 400.
  11. Ratnam, L. (1995). Windows on The Forest: Glimpses of FRIM for the Nature Loving Visitor, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 143.
  12. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Suhaida, M. & Aslina, B. (2011). Forest Research Institute Malaysia: A Sanctuary for Threatened Trees, Issue/No. 130. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 91.
Magazine/Bulletin
  1. Equivalent Timbers Of Southeast Asia. Timber Technology Bulletin (25), 2002. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  2. Conservation Malaysia (18), 2013. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  3. Conservation Malaysia (27), 2018. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  4. Malaysian and Indonesian Timbers Equivalent Names. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  5. Malaysian Timbers for Marine Scaffold Board Application. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
Newsletter
  1. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2009, June). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Retrived November 18, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/139
  2. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2009, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 18, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/138
  3. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived March 14, 2018, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/1739 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]

Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Mira Farzana Binti Mohamad Mokhtar, Mr. Mohamad Amini Bin Nordin, Mr. Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ahmad Azmi, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Mrs. Noor Ashikin Binti Hj. Mohamad, Ms. Nur Diana Bt Mohd Rusdi, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- Tan Kok Kiat, Tan Sin Hoong, Wendy Yong Sze Yee & Yasser Arifin

Species Citation :- Eusideroxylon zwageri. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/39067. [Retrieved 04 December 2023].

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Website Citation: MyBIS (2023). Malaysia Biodiversity Information System. Published on the Internet https://www.mybis.gov.my/, Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change, Malaysia Biodiversity Centre & Forest Research Institute Malaysia. [Retrieved 04 December 2023].