Native Plants
Horsfieldia crassifolia
Penarahan
NT
Near Threatened
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 2.3, 1998
VU
Vulnerable
Malaysia Plant Red List
Peninsular Malaysia
ver 3.1, 2021
VU
Vulnerable
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2018
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
-
Division
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
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Specific Epithetcrassifolia (Hook. f. & Thomson) Warb.
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Synonym
- Myristica paludicola King
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Vernacular Name
- Kumpang Paya (Iban)
- Kumpang Paya (Sarawak)
- Penarahan (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
Horsfieldia crassifolia is an evergreen tree that can grow up to 25 m tall. The epithet names ‘crassifolia’ is derived from Latin words crassus means thick and folium means leaf. This species distributed in Peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Singapore, Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Terengganu, Johor and Pahang). It can be found in lowland forest, often in swampy areas and in peat-swamp forest up to 300 m altitude (Kiew et al., 2018).
Horsfieldia crassifolia has glabrescent twigs with yellow-brown or rusty hairs about 0.2-0.5 mm long. The leaves are elliptic to oblong and the inflorescences are developed among or behind the leaves with woolly dendroid hairs. Its male inflorescences are 6-20 cm long and 4-15 cm wide, with male flowers in loose clusters of 2-7, while female inflorescences are 3-14 cm long. The fruits are ovoid to obovoid and arranged in a cluster which contains about 1-10 fruits per infructescence (Kiew et al., 2018).
Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Forest → Freshwater Swamp Forest
|
Unknown | Unknown |
| 2 |
Forest → Lowland Dipterocarp Forest (Malayan, Burmese)
|
Unknown | Unknown |
| 3 |
Forest → Peat Swamp Forest
|
Unknown | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | Malaysia Plant Red List |
Vulnerable (VU)
Peninsular Malaysia
|
3.1 |
| 2018 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Malaysia Plant Red List |
Vulnerable (VU)
|
N/A |
| 1998 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Near Threatened (NT)
|
2.3 |
Structure
Bark
Colour
Grey
Bark
Type
Regular or irregular cracks or crevices, narrower than furrows; may be oriented vertically or horizo...
Fissured
Separating into thin slivers, chips, scales, or shavings
Flaky
Fruits
3D Shape
Ovoid
Leaf
2D Shape
Elliptic
Oblong
Leaf Apex
2D Shape
Having a notch at the apex
Emarginate
Rounded
Leaf Base
2D Shape
Attenuate
Rounded
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution, Forest, History, Law and Policy, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Science
|
|
Alona Cuevas Linatoc (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Coral Reefs, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Geoinformatics, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas, Science, Technology & Water
|
|
Asyraf Mansor (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Palms, Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution & Forest
|
|
Avelinah Julius (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Cheah Yih Horng (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Moss, Vascular,
Biodiversity & Systematics
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
E. Soepadmo (Prof.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Vascular,
|
|
|
John Baptist Sugau (Mr.)
Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Vascular,
Agriculture, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Lau Kah Hoo (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular, Ginger,
Conservation
|
|
Lillian Chua Swee Lian (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation
|
|
Lim Chung Lu (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Mahani Bt. Mansor Clyde (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular, Vascular, Amphibians, Amphibians,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Climate Change, Protected Areas & Forest
|
|
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
|
Vascular,
Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Evolution, Genetics, Molecular & Systematics
|
|
Mohd Nazre Salleh @ Japri (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity
|
|
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
|
Vascular, Pitcher plants,
Agriculture, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Science, Systematics & Taxonomy
|
|
Nadiah Idris (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Norzielawati Bt. Salleh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Forest & Protected Areas
|
|
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest & Management
|
|
Ong Poh Teck (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Orchids,
|
|
Rafidah Abdul Rahman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Richard Chung Cheng Kong (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Orchids (Taxonomy), Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Forest, Management, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Sam Yen Yen (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Ginger,
|
|
Saw Leng Guan (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Shamsul Khamis (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Taxonomy
|
|
Siti Aishah Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Marine & Coastal
|
|
Suhaida Mustafa (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Syahida Emiza Suhaimi (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Syazwani Bt. Azeman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Science
|
|
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
|
Orchids, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics & Molecular
|
|
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Agriculture & Biodiversity
|
|
Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Wendy Yong Sze Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation & Biodiversity
|
|
Yao Tze Leong (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Ecosystems
|
|
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Moss, Vascular (Taxonomy), Ferns (Taxonomy),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution & Taxonomy
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Book
- Faridah-Hanum, I., Khamis, S. & Hamzah, K.A. (2005). A Handbook On The Peat Swamp Flora of Peninsular Malaysia. Peat Swamp Forest Project, Malaysia. pp. 251.
- Kiew, R., Chung, R.C.K., Saw, L.G. & Soepadmo, E. (2018). Flora of Peninsular Malaysia Series II: Seed Plants, Volume 7. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
- Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. & MacKinven, A. (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 1-628.
- Soepadmo, E. & Saw, L.G. (2000). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Sarawak Forestry Department, Malaysia. pp. 511.
- Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 107.
Acknowledgements :- Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Ms. Nur Farahin Binti Mustafa, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Mrs. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aliya Imra Asyikin Binti Abd Murad, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Species Citation :- Horsfieldia crassifolia. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/4876. [Retrieved 19 April 2024].
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