Native Animals
Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus
Mangrove Pit Viper
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Peninsular Malaysia
ver 3.1, 2022
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Order
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Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetpurpureomaculatus Gray, 1832
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Synonym
- Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus Gray, 1832
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Common Name
- Mangrove Pit Viper (English)
- Mangrove Pit-viper (English)
- Mangrove Pitviper (English)
- Shore Pit Viper (English)
- Ular Kapak Bakau (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The mangrove pit viper has an average size of about 68 -107 cm with a relatively stout body and strongly keeled scales. The head is triangular and is distinct from its neck in blackish-brown colour. The head scales are tuberculated or keeled, and the crown is blackish-brown. There was pit organ presented in front of its eyes. The dorsal colouration of this pit viper is purplish-brown in with varied crossbands along its tail and body. The scales of its dorsolateral are yellowish-green with dark blotches while the ventral scales are in uniform olive or greenish-white colour or speckled (Sibunruang et al., 2013). This nocturnal snake resides in the mangrove forests, where it is often observed on low bushes. It feeds on lizards, frogs and other small animals. Litters contain 7-14 babies of about 24cm. This snake inhabits southern Myanmar (Tenasserim), Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (Sumatra).
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
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Arboreal — Spend the majority of their lives in trees.
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| 2 |
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Venomous — Capable of injecting venom by means of a bite or sting.
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| 3 |
Viviparous — Giving birth to living young that develop within the mother's body rather than hatching from eggs
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Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
Peninsular Malaysia
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3.1 |
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
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3.1 |
Location
by State Location
- Johore 1
- Kedah 2
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Emergency Contact
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
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Amirrudin Bin Ahmad (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
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Amphibians, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Fishes, Reptiles,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
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Chen Pelf Nyok (Dr.)
Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia (TCS)
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Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin (Ecology), Reptiles (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Education & Environment
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Kaviarasu Munian (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology),
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Lim Boo Liat (Dr.)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Rodents (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
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Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
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Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
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Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
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Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Rodents (Taxonomy), Reptiles,
Molecular, Biodiversity & Science
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Norhayati Binti Ahmad (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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Frogs and Toads, Snakes, Amphibians, Reptiles,
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Teo Eng Wah (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
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Reptiles, Amphibians,
Invasive Alien Species
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PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Chan, K.O., Van Rooijen, J., Lee Grismer, L., Daicus, B., Jamaludin, H., Gregory, R., Norhayati, A. & Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A. (2010). First report on the herpetofauna of Pulau Pangkor, Perak, Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17 (2), 139-146 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Lim, B.L., Noor Alif Wira, O., Chan, K.O., Daicus, B. & Norhayati, A. (2010). An Updated Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Pulau Singa Besar, Langkawi, Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal 39 (1), 13-23. https://www.researchgate.net
- Shahriza, S., Ibrahim, J., Ibrahim, N.H., Ismail, A., Hurzaid, A., Awang, Z. & Shahrul Anuar, M.S. (2013). An Addition of Reptiles of Gunung Inas, Kedah, Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 20 (3), 171-180
Book
- Guideline: Management of Snakebite, 2017. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Guidelines for the Management of Snakebites, 2nd edition, 2016. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India. pp. 206.
- Panduan Pengendalian Reptilia Berbisa (Ular). Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. pp. 75.
- Snake Farm Exhibition, 2010. Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Thailand. pp. 97.
- WHO Guidelines for the Production, Control and Regulation of Snake Antivenom Immunoglobulins, 2010. World Health Organization, Switzerland. pp. 140. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Das, I. (2010). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK), England. pp. 369.
- Das, I. (2012). A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-east Asia : Including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, England. pp. 70-71; 160 pg.
- Ismail, A.K., Teo, E.W., Das, I., Vasaruchapong, T. & Weinstein, S.A. (2017). Land Snakes of Medical Significance in Malaysia. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 80. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ] — [ | eBook (EPUB) ]
- Ismail, A.K., Teo, E.W., Das, I., Vasaruchapong, T. & Weinstein, S.A. (2022). Land Snakes of Medical Significance in Malaysia. 3rd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 87. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Maimon, A. (2008). Biodiversity of Sungai Pulai: Ramsar Site, Johor. Earth Observation Centre, Malaysia. pp. 97.
- Marlon, R., Supriatna, J., Liswanto, D., Baskoro, K., Putra, S. & Patty, H.R. (2014). Panduan Visual dan Identifikasi Lapangan: 107+ Ular Indonesia. Indonesia Nature & Wildlife Publishing, Indonesia. pp. 251.
- Norhayati, A., Daicus, B. & Chan, K.O. (2021). Ular Darat Malaysia / Land Snakes of Malaysia. Penerbit UKM, Malaysia. pp. 100.
- Sibunruang, S., Suteparuk, S. & Sitprija, V. (2013). Manual of Practical Management of Snake-bites and Animal Toxin Injury. Bangkok: Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Thailand. pp. 88.
Chapter in book
- Das, I. & Norsham, S.Y. (2007). Status of Knowledge of The Malaysia Herpetofauna. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 31-81.
- Das, I., Norhayati, A. & Lim, B.L. (2015). Venomous Terrestrial Snakes of Malaysia: Their Identity and Biology. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., Faiz, M.A., Fernando, R., Gnanathasan, C.A., Habib, A.G. & Yang, C.-C. (Eds.), Clinical Toxinology in Asia Pacific and Africa. Springer. pp. 53-69. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Ismail, A.K. (2015). Snakebite and Envenomation Management in Malaysia. In Gopalakrishnakone, P., Faiz, M.A., Fernando, R., Gnanathasan, C.A., Habib, A.G. & Yang, C.-C. (Eds.), Clinical Toxinology in Asia Pacific and Africa. Springer. pp. 71-102.
Magazine/Bulletin
- Malaysian Naturalist, Vol. 72 (2), 2/2019. Malaysian Nature Society (MNS)
- Conservation Malaysia (32), 2020. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
Publications
Related by Genus
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Mohamad Ikhmal Husin, Ms. Nor Liyana Binti Hassan, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Dr Teo Eng Wah
Species Citation :- Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/57766. [Retrieved 31 March 2023].
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