Native Plants
Ficus deltoidea
Mas Cotek
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2021
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. intermedia
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. motleyana
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
NE
Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis
Not Evaluated
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
Taxonomy
-
Kingdom
-
Division
-
Class
-
Order
-
Family
-
Genus
-
Specific Epithetdeltoidea Jack
-
Infraspecific
- var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner
- var. arenaria Corner
- var. bilobata Corner
- var. borneensis Corner
- var. deltoidea
- var. intermedia Corner
- var. kunstleri (King) Corner
- var. motleyana (Miq.) Corner
- var. recurvata Kochummen
- f. subhirsuta Corner
- var. trengganuensis Corner
-
Synonym
- Erythrogyne lutescens Vis.
- Ficus diversifolia Blume
- Ficus lutescens Desf.
- Ficus ovoidea Jack
- Ficus sideroxylifolia Griff.
- Ficus spathulata Miq.
-
Vernacular Name
- Ara (Malay)
- Kara (Iban)
- Lunok (Murut)
- Mas Contek (Malay)
- Mas Cotek (Malay)
- Mistletoe Fig (English)
- Serapat Angin (Malay)
- Telinga Beruk (Malay)
-
ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
So far we know little about the species, apart from its appearance.
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. motleyana
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. intermedia
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. bilobata
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
| 2010 | Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List |
Ficus deltoidea var. angustifolia
Not Evaluated (NE)
|
N/A |
Structure
Leaf
2D Shape
Elliptic
Obovate
Rhomboid
Spatulate
Leaf
Arrangement
Leaves arranged in an ascending spiral
Spiral
Leaf Apex
2D Shape
Having a short sharp apex
Acute
Rounded
Leaf Base
2D Shape
Cuneate
Leaf Margin
2D Shape
Smooth margin, without teeth or lobes
Entire
Lobed
Location
by State Location
- Kelantan 1
- Negeri Sembilan 1
- Pahang 3
- Selangor 2
- Terengganu 2
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ||||||
| 6 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
|
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution, Forest, History, Law and Policy, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Science
|
|
Alona Cuevas Linatoc (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Coral Reefs, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Geoinformatics, Management, Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas, Science, Technology & Water
|
|
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
|
Palms, Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Evolution & Forest
|
|
Avelinah Julius (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Chan Yoke Mui (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation, Biodiversity, Forest & Genetics
|
|
Cheah Yih Horng (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Moss, Vascular,
Biodiversity & Systematics
|
|
Chew Ming Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Mammals (Ecology), Vascular (Ecology),
Invasive Alien Species, Protected Areas, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Marine & Coastal & Climate Change
|
|
E. Soepadmo (Prof.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Vascular,
|
|
|
John Baptist Sugau (Mr.)
Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia (JPSM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
|
Vascular,
Agriculture, Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Lau Kah Hoo (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular, Ginger,
Conservation
|
|
Lillian Chua Swee Lian (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation
|
|
Lim Chung Lu (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Mahani Bt. Mansor Clyde (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular, Vascular, Amphibians, Amphibians,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Climate Change, Protected Areas & Forest
|
|
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
|
Vascular,
Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Evolution, Genetics, Molecular & Systematics
|
|
Mohd Nazre Salleh @ Japri (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity
|
|
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
|
Vascular, Pitcher plants,
Agriculture, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Science, Systematics & Taxonomy
|
|
Nadiah Idris (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity & Conservation
|
|
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
|
|
Norzielawati Bt. Salleh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Molecular
|
|
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Forest & Protected Areas
|
|
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Palms, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest & Management
|
|
Ong Poh Teck (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Orchids,
|
|
Rafidah Abdul Rahman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Richard Chung Cheng Kong (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
|
Orchids (Taxonomy), Vascular (Taxonomy), Vascular (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Forest, Management, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
|
|
Sam Yen Yen (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy), Ginger,
|
|
Saw Leng Guan (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Shamsul Khamis (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Taxonomy
|
|
Siti Aishah Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Siti Munirah Mat Yunoh (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
Marine & Coastal
|
|
Suhaida Mustafa (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Conservation
|
|
Syahida Emiza Suhaimi (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
|
|
Syazwani Bt. Azeman (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity, Forest & Science
|
|
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
|
Orchids, Vascular,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Evolution, Genetics & Molecular
|
|
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
|
Vascular (Ecology),
Agriculture & Biodiversity
|
|
Ummul Nazrah Abdul Rahman (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular (Taxonomy),
|
|
Wendy Yong Sze Yee (Ms.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Conservation & Biodiversity
|
|
Yao Tze Leong (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
|
Vascular,
Biodiversity & Ecosystems
|
|
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
|
Moss, Vascular (Taxonomy), Ferns (Taxonomy),
Protected Areas, Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution & Taxonomy
|
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Abdulrahman, M.D., Ali, A.M., Nur Fatihah, H.N., Khandaker, M.M. & Nashriyah, M. (2018). Traditional medicinal knowledge of Malays in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 70 (3), 349-364
- Julius, K. (2007). Common medicinal plants of Sabah. Sepilok Bulletin. 6, 1-23. http://www.forest.sabah.gov.my/docs/frc/Sepilok%20Bulletin%20Vol.%206.pdf
- Latiff, A., Faridah-Hanum, I., Zainudin Ibrahim, A., Goh, M.W.K., Loo, A.H.B. & Tan, H.T.W. (1999). On the Vegetation and Flora of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 11-72
- Nur Fatihah, H.N., Nashriyah, M., Nor Zaimha, A.R., Khairil, M. & Ali, A.M. (2014). Leaf morphology and anatomy of 7 varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae). Turkish Journal of Botany 38 (4), 677-685. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3825/c9b4d990ed2b387748c3bde57ded0b3f829a.pdf
- Ramli, M.R., Milow, P. & Ong, H.C. (2015). Traditional Knowledge of a Practitioner in Medicinal Plants of Masjid Ijok, Village, Perak, Malaysia. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 9 (1), 59-66. https://umexpert.um.edu.my/file/publication/00004395_120950.pdf
- Rosnah, J., Khandaker, M.M. & Boyce, A.N. (2015). Ficus deltoidea: Review on Background and Recent Pharmacological Potential. Journal of Agronomy 14 (4), 310-318. http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/ja/2015/310-318.pdf
- Turner, I.M. (2000). The Taxonomy of Malaysian Vascular Plants: New Taxa (1996-2000) and Endemic Genera. Flora Malaysiana (2), 41-82
Book
- Health and Beauty from the Rainforest : Malaysian Traditions of Ramuan, 2009. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 256.
- Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Koh, H.L., Muhamad, A., Wan Yusof, W.K. & Latiff, A. (2011). Hutan Simpan Melaka: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Socio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 315.
- Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
- Azahar, M., Mohd. Hamami, S., Ahmad Said, S., Faridah, Q.Z., Nor Aini, A.S., Jalil, M.S. & Faridah-Hanum, I. (2006). Sustainable Management and Utilization of Medicinal Plant Resources: Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal Plants, 5-7 December 2005 Kuala Lumpur. Universiti Putra Malaysia dan Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 365.
- Chang, Y.S., Mazura, M.P. & Nik Musa'adah, M. (2008). Plant, Health and Man - Past, Present and Future . Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia. pp. 343.
- Jamilah, M.S. & Faridah, M. (2011). A Biological Assessment of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, Terengganu and Nearby Ecosystem. Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. pp. 1-84.
- Madihah, M.N., Tan, A.L., Intan Nurulhani, B., Amizan, N., Dionysia, M., Fadzureena, J., Abdul Hayat, M.S., Amelia, B.A. & Nurul Husna, Z. (2019). Meneroka Rahsia Rimba Warisan Orang Asli Semenanjung Malaysia Jilid 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 362.
- Mohd Nazip, S., Rahmat, Mohamad, Zaini, A. & Mohamad Azlan, M.A. (2011). Kuala Keniam: Nature's Treasure Trove in The Heartland. University Publication Centre (UPENA), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. pp. 134.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Azahar, M., Razani, U., Kamaruzaman, A.B., Lim, K.L., Suhaili, R., Jalil, M.S. & Latiff, A. (2005). Sustainable Management of Matang Mangroves: 100 Years and Beyond. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 531.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Dahalan, H.T., Abdullah Sani, Shafie, Jalil, M.S., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2005). Taman Negeri Gunung Stong, Kelantan: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Biologi dan Sosio-ekonomi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 442.
- Soepadmo, E. & Saw, L.G. (2000). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Sarawak Forestry Department, Malaysia. pp. 511.
- Vimala, S. (2013). Malaysian Herbal Heritage. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 131.
Chapter in book
- Jamilah, M.S., Muhamad Razali, S., Norhayati, Y., Kasawami, I., Nursalwa, B., Aziz, A. & Ahmad Farid, A.F. (2011). Brief Floristic Descriptions of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, BRIS Ecosystem and Melaleuca Swamps of Terengganu. In Jamilah, M.S. & Faridah, M. (Eds.), A Biological Assessment of Jambu Bongkok Forest Reserve, Terengganu and Nearby Ecosystem. Penerbit UMT, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. pp. 1-23.
Newsletter
- Ida Suraini, A.S. (2014, March). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived May 06, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/121
- Ida Suraini, A.S. & Nik Zanariah, N.M. (2007, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived January 05, 2021, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/1740
Report
- Dasgupta, S. & Vaughan, D. (2015). Final Report of the Project: Enhancing Understanding and Implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Asia (GCP/RAS/284/JPN). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Regional Office for Asia and The Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
Unpublish
- Checklist of Biodiversity of Setiu (2019)
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ainul Aqilah Binti Mohd Nasir, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Ms. Amirah Hasanah Binti Mazlan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Dr. Chua Mung Seng, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Ms. Nur Aliah Bt Usman, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Fatinizzati Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Ms. Umairah Binti Ishak & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Chan YM, Saw Leng Guan & Tan Sin Hoong
Species Citation :- Ficus deltoidea. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/6444. [Retrieved 25 March 2023].
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