Native Plants

Dryobalanops aromatica

Kapur
VU
Vulnerable
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2018
LC
Least Concern
Malaysia Plant Red List
2021
LC
Least Concern
Sarawak Plant Red List
ver 3.1, 2014
LC
Least Concern
Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List *
2010
* Assessed according to the IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria Version 3.1
QR Code
SSN 07992
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Taxonomy

  • Kingdom
  • Division
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Specific Epithet
    aromatica C.F.Gaertn.
  • Synonym
  • Vernacular Name
  • Residential
    Native
The taxonomic status is pending for approval

Description

Kapur trees is a South-east Asian timber tree species. The epithet name "aromatica"  refers to the fragrant smell of dammar (resin) and all parts of this tree are strongly aromatic. This dipterocarp species is an immense tree measuring up to 65m tall and 2m in diameter. The bark appears to be warm pale rust-brown, becoming evenly flaky and later shaggy. Its peeling bark sometimes resembles scrolls of paper being peeled from the trunk. It has white flowers and the leaves of its juveniles are indistinguishable from those of D. beccarii, except by the stronger aroma when crushed, being less coriaceous, with distinct venation and visible intramarginal vein.

Kapur produces a heavy hardwood timber that is used in heavy construction and during the early age of trades, camphor oil is extracted by tapping and were exported to China and Japan to be made into oral and topical medications. It is known to cure various ailments such as skin problems, rheumatism, infectious diseases and even depression. The essential oil is also used in incense and perfumes.

This species is distributed in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo (in Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei) (Chua et al., 2010). In Borneo, it is locally the most abundant emergent trees in mixed dipterocarp forest found on deep humic yellow sandy soils with a propensity for ridges, at altitudes below 400m.

Habitats

No Description Suitability Seasonality
1
Forest → Lowland Dipterocarp Forest (Malayan, Burmese)
Unknown Unknown
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3

Assessment

Year Published Assessment Red List Category Version
2021 Malaysia Plant Red List
Least Concern (LC)
N/A
2018 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Vulnerable (VU)
3.1
2014 Sarawak Plant Red List
Least Concern (LC)
3.1
2010 Peninsular Malaysia Plant Red List
Least Concern (LC)
N/A
2010 Malaysia Plant Red List
Near Threatened (NT)
N/A

Biodiversity Experts

Profile
Ahmad Aldrie Amir (Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • History
  • Law and Policy
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Anisah Lee Abdullah (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Coral Reefs
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Geoinformatics
  • Management
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Protected Areas
  • Science
  • Technology
  • Water
  • PM
  • SBH
Asyraf Mansor (Dr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Evolution
  • Forest
  • PM
Chan Yoke Mui (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Palms (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Conservation
  • Biodiversity
  • Forest
  • Genetics
  • PM
Chong Ju Lian (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
  • Mammals (Ecology)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • Protected Areas
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Marine & Coastal
  • Climate Change
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Kartini Binti Saibeh (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)
  • Vascular
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • SBH
Mohamad Azani Alias (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular
  • Vascular
  • Amphibians
  • Amphibians
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Climate Change
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Mohd Fahmi Abu Bakar (Ts. Dr.)
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)
  • Vascular
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • Systematics
  • PM
Mohd Norfaizal Ghazalli (Dr.)
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)
  • Vascular
  • Pitcher plants
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Science
  • Systematics
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
Nazahatul Anis Amaludin (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • PM
Nor Ezzawanis Abdullah Thani (Mrs.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Digital Sequence Information (DSI)
  • PM
Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abdul Majid (Ms.)
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Forest
  • Protected Areas
  • PM
Nur Supardi Md Noor (Dr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
  • Palms
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Climate Change
  • Conservation
  • Ecosystems
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
  • W
Rusea Go (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
  • Orchids (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Environment
  • Forest
  • Management
  • Protected Areas
  • Climate Change
  • Invasive Alien Species
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Tam Sheh May (Dr.)
Taylor's University
  • Orchids
  • Vascular
  • Biodiversity
  • Data Analysis
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Molecular
  • PM
Tan Swee Lian (Dr.)
Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM)
  • Vascular (Ecology)
  • Agriculture
  • Biodiversity
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
Yong Kien Thai (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
  • Moss
  • Vascular (Taxonomy)
  • Ferns (Taxonomy)
  • Protected Areas
  • Biodiversity
  • Conservation
  • Evolution
  • Taxonomy
  • PM
  • SBH
  • SWK
  • SEA
PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;

References

Article
  1. Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K., Kang, H.S. & Lee, D.K. (2017). Survival and Vegetative Growth of Some Selected Rainforest Tree Species inter-planted under Hopea odorata Stand at Slime Tailings in Peninsular Malaysia. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 107-113
  2. Ho, W.M., Ang, L.H., Tang, L.K. & Siti Zaharah, M.I. (2017). Can ex-tin mine be a depository for indigenous and red list species?. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 119-123
  3. Ho, W.M., Tang, L.K., Ang, L.H., Kang, H.S. & Lee, D.K. (2014). Enrichment Planting in a Greened Slime Tailings in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Wildlife and Parks 29, 73-76
  4. Khairil, M., Juliana, W.W. & Nizam, M.S. (2014). Edaphic Influences on Trees Species Composition and Community Structure in A Tropical Watershed Forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 26 (2), 284-294
  5. Kiew, R. & Lim, C.L. (2019). Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. Phytokeys 131, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944
  6. Nor Asmah, H., Noraliza, A., Nashatul Zaimah, N.A. & Nadiah Salmi, N. (2017). Germination and Storage Studies of Dryobalanops aromatica Seeds. Seminar on Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration of Disturbed Sites: Planting of National and IUCN Red List Species, 15-17 August 2017, Kuala Lumpur (14), 85-89
  7. Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Kiew, R., Kamin, I. & Chung, R.C.K. (2017). Plant Checklist of the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One Ecosystem. 2 (e13708), 41. http://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.2.e13708 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  8. Saw, L.G. & Sam, Y.Y. (1999). Conservation of Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 12(3): 593-615. . https://info.frim.gov.my/infocenter_applications/jtfsonline/jtfs/v12n3/593-615.pdf
  9. Shahriza, S. & Ibrahim, J. (2014). Reptiles of Lata Bukit Hijau, Kedah, Malaysia. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology 36 (1), 37-44. http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/36-1/36-1-5.pdf
  10. Watling, R. & Lee, S.S. (1995). Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with members of the Dipterocarpaceae in Peninsular Malaysia-I. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 7 (4), 657-669
Book
  1. A visitor's guidebook to Endau-Rompin (Johor) National Park, 2019. Johor National Parks Corporation and UNDP Malaysia. pp. 108.
  2. FRIM : A Year of Colours, 2014. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 127.
  3. Red List of Dipterocarpaceae, 2022. Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Richmond, UK. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  4. Abd. Latif, M., Nik Zanariah, N.M., Zawiah, N. & Othaman, H. (2014). Kenali 114 Spesies Buah-Buahan Liar. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia & Kementerian Sumber Asli & Alam Sekitar, Malaysia. pp. 228-229.
  5. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Ahmad Fadzil, A.M., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Gunung Besar Hantu, Negeri Sembilan: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 254.
  6. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Muhamad, A. & Latiff, A. (2012). Hutan Simpan Gunung Belumut, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 271.
  7. Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Azmi, N., Nor Hasliza, M.B. & Latiff, A. (2014). Hutan Simpan Gunung Tebu, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 343.
  8. Adler, P.H. (2002). A Guide to Taman Botani Putrajaya: Tropical Roots. Perbadanan Putrajaya, Malaysia. pp. 13.
  9. Adnan, M., Zainuddin, A.F., Hamzah, M.A., Moorthy, M. & Mohamad Zaki, M.I. (2018). Koleksi Pokok Taman Botani Kepong. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 1-234.
  10. Mohd. Rizal, S., Na'aman, J., Jalil, M.S., Nizam, M.S., Latiff, A. & Azahar, M. (2006). Gunung Mandi Angin, Terengganu: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal, Kepelbagaian Biologi dan Pelancongan Ekologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 500.
  11. Boo, C.M., Omar-Hor, K. & Ou-Yang, C.L. (2003). 1001 Garden Plants in Singapore. National Parks Board, Singapore. pp. 501.
  12. Chew, M.Y., Salleh, N., Azeman, S., Yap, J.W., Sam, Y.Y. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Wayside Trees: The Natural Pillars and Roofs of the Perdana Botanical Garden. Kuala Lumpur City Hall and Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 182.
  13. Chua, L.S.L., Suhaida, M., Hamidah, M. & Saw, L.G. (2010). Malaysia Plant Red List: Peninsular Malaysian Dipterocarpaceae. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 73, 146. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  14. Khoo, E., Tsen, S., Lee, Y.L., Sugau, J.B., Pereira, J.T., Nilus, R. & Maycock, C.R. (2022). The Sabah Plant Red list of Dipterocarpaceae. Sabah Forestry Department, Sandakan. pp. 223.
  15. Latiff, A. (2010). Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve: Green Lung of Kuala Lumpur. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 100.
  16. Mohd Hizamri, M.Y, Grippin, A & Norhayati, A. (2021). Taman Negeri Rompin Pahang: A World of Wonders and Enchantments. Pahang State Forestry Department.
  17. Ng, F.S.P (2010). 100 Years of Tropical Forest Research: The Story of the Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 142.
  18. Ng, F.S.P (2008). Natural History Museum Malaysia: Planning and Development. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 217. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  19. Oldfield, S., Lusty, C. & MacKinven, A. (1998). The World List of Threatened Trees. World Conservation Press, Cambridge, UK. pp. 1-628.
  20. Ong, H.C. (2004). Tumbuhan Liar: Khasiat & Kegunaan Lain. Utusan Publications & Distribution Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. pp. 241.
  21. Julia, S., Chong, L., Vilma, B., Esther, S. & Pearce, K.G. (2014). Sarawak Plant Red List Dipterocarpaceae: Series I: Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops & Shorea. Sarawak Forestry Corporation Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. pp. 193.
  22. Ratnam, L. (1995). Windows on The Forest: Glimpses of FRIM for the Nature Loving Visitor, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 143.
  23. Razani, U., Koh, H.L., Abdul Rahman, A.R., Yahaya, M., Mohd. Rahim, R., Norhayati, A. & Latiff, A. (2009). Hutan Simpan Panti, Johor: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 284.
  24. Razani, U., Koh, H.L., Mohd. Rahim, R., Na'aman, J., Faridah-Hanum, I. & Latiff, A. (2008). Rimba Bandar Bukit Bauk, Terengganu: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Kepelbagian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 309.
  25. Shaharuddin, M.I., Mokhtar, M.I., Wan Yusof, W.A., M. Rahim, R. & Latiff, A. (2004). Taman Negeri Endau Rompin : Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 378.
  26. Soepadmo, E. & Wong, K.M. (1995). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 1. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Sarawak Forestry Department, Malaysia. pp. 513.
  27. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. & Chung, R.C.K. (2004). Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 5. Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Sarawak Forestry Department, Malaysia. pp. 528.
  28. Wong, K.M. (2001). Medicinal Plants, Rain Forests and Us. pp. 38.
  29. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 1. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 107.
  30. Yong, W.S.Y., Chua, L.S.L., Lau, K.H., Siti-Nur Fatinah, K., Cheah, Y.H., Yao, T.L., Rafidah, A.R., Lim, C.L., Syahida-Emiza, S., Ummul Nazrah, A.R., Nor-Ezzawanis, A.T., Chew, M.Y., Siti Munirah, M.Y., Julius, A., Phoon, S.N., Sam, Y.Y., Nadiah, I., Ong, P.T., Sarah Nabila, R., Suhaida, M., Muhammad-Alif Azyraf, A., Siti Eryani, S., Yap, J.W., Jutta, M., Azeman, S., Salleh, N., Kiew, R. & Chung, R.C.K. (2021). Malaysia Red List: Plants of Peninsular Malaysia, Volume 1, Issue/No. 2. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 316, 753.
Journal
  1. Sandakania, Issue 23, p. 80, 2022
Magazine/Bulletin
  1. Durability of Timbers for Indoor Applications in Malaysia. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysia.
  2. Equivalent Timbers Of Southeast Asia. Timber Technology Bulletin (25), 2002. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  3. Shrinkage Allowance of Some Malaysian Timbers. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  4. Conservation Malaysia (1), 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  5. Timber Notes -Medium Hardwoods (I) (Kapur,Kasai,Kelat,Keledang,Kempas). Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  6. FRIM in Focus (December 2020). Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
  7. Malaysian and Indonesian Timbers Equivalent Names. Timber Technology Bulletin: Compilation of Timber Technology Bulletins 1995-2015 (57), 2016. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia.
Newsletter
  1. Flora of Malaysia i-Newsletter Part 2. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). (2013, 10). Retrived December 29, 2017, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/1984 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  2. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2010, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived May 06, 2016, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/134
  3. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2013, December). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 13, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/123
  4. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2009, June). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Retrived November 18, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/139
  5. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2011, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 13, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/120
  6. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, December). FRIM in Focus. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived March 14, 2018, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/2074 — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
  7. Ida Suraini, A.S. (2017, March). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived January 05, 2021, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/1369
  8. Veronica, P. (2003, September). FRIM in FOCUS. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). Retrived November 25, 2015, from https://www.mybis.gov.my/art/157
Proceeding
  1. Conservation, Management and Development of Forest Resources: Proceedings of the Malaysia-United Kingdom Programme Workshop, 21-24 October 1996, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1996)

Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Bukhari Hasbullah, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Ms. Ajla Rafidah Baharom, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Mrs. Faridah Anas, Ms. Fatin Qurratul 'ain Binti Saberam, Mrs. Hazlina Ali, Mr. Mohamad Amini Bin Nordin, Mr. Mohamad Firdaus Bin Mohamad Ridzwan, Mr. Mohamad Nazrin Bin Ahmad Azmi, Mr. Muhammad Izzuddin Bin Hazan, Ms. Noorkhalilie Binti Che Abd Aziz, Mrs. Norhaslinda Mohd Nor, Ms. Nur Farahin Binti Mustafa, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nur Syahirah Binti Abd Hamid, Ms. Nurfadzilah Bt Azmi, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aliya Imra Asyikin Binti Abd Murad, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Ms. Umairah Binti Ishak & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin

Photo credit :- Ahmad Firdaus Zainuddin, Chan YM, FRIM, Tan Sin Hoong, Yasser Arifin & Zawiah Ngah

Species Citation :- Dryobalanops aromatica. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/7992. [Retrieved 26 September 2023].

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