Native Animals
Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Red-tailed Green Ratsnake
LC
Least Concern
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ver 3.1, 2012
Taxonomy
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Kingdom
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Phylum
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Class
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Order
-
Family
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Genus
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Specific Epithetoxycephalum (Boie, 1827)
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Synonym
- Coluber oxycephalus Boie, 1827
- Gonyosoma oxycephala Barbour, 1912
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Common Name
- Arboreal Rat Snake (English)
- Green Racer (English)
- Red Tail Racer (English)
- Red Tailed Rat Snake (English)
- Red-tailed Green Racer (English)
- Red-tailed Green Ratsnake (English)
- Red-tailed Racer (English)
- Red-tailed Racer Snake (English)
- Red-tailed Rat Snake (English)
- Ular Boncleng (Bahasa Indonesia)
- Ular Ekor Mati (Bahasa Indonesia)
- Ular Gadung (Bahasa Indonesia)
- Ular Gadung Luwuk (Bahasa Indonesia)
- Ular Laju Ekor Merah (Malay)
- Ular Selingsing (Malay)
- Ular Tikus Ekor Merah (Malay)
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ResidentialNative
The taxonomic status is pending for approval
Description
The Green Racer, also known as the Red-tailed Racer usually has a long grey tail. It is a non-venomous species. The belly is light green or greenish-yellow. The bluish-black tongue is flicked and moved very slowly (Das, 2010). It preys on rodents, birds and bats. Normally, clutches of 5 to 12 eggs are laid and several clutches are produced annually (Das, 2010). The hatchlings are measured between 24 cm and 55 cm, and resemble adults. It is known to inhabit lowland tropical and subtropical forests, mangrove swamps, plantation and gardens, from sea level to 1,100 m a.s.l. (Das, 2010). This species is distributed in Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam (IUCN, 2019).
Habits
| No | Part | Habit | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
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Arboreal — Spend the majority of their lives in trees.
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| 2 |
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Diurnal — Most active during the daytime.
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| 3 |
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Oviparous — Reproduction through production of eggs that have membranes and/or shells.
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| 4 |
Terrestrial — An animal that lives on/near the ground or a plant that grows on/in/from land
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Habitats
| No | Description | Suitability | Seasonality |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Plantations
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 2 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Rural Gardens
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 3 |
Artificial - Terrestrial → Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 4 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 5 |
Forest → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Forest
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Suitable | Unknown |
| 6 |
Shrubland → Subtropical/Tropical Moist Shrubland
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Suitable | Unknown |
References : http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes/habitats-classification-scheme-ver3
Assessment
| Year Published | Assessment | Red List Category | Version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |
Least Concern (LC)
|
3.1 |
Location
by State Location
- Kedah 2
- Negeri Sembilan 1
- Pahang 1
- Penang 1
- Perak 1
- Sabah 1
Based on publications, specimens, and images
Specimen
| Collection Center | Dried | Live | Slide | Wet | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | ||||||
| 9 |
Biodiversity Experts
| Profile | |
|---|---|
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Amirrudin Bin Ahmad (Dr.)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)
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Amphibians, Dragonflies and Damselflies, Fishes, Reptiles,
Biodiversity, Data Analysis, Digital Sequence Information (DSI), Living Modified Organism (LMO), Marine & Coastal, Protected Areas & Invasive Alien Species
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Chen Pelf Nyok (Dr.)
Turtle Conservation Society of Malaysia (TCS)
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Turtle, Tortoise, and Terrapin (Ecology), Reptiles (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Conservation, Education & Environment
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Kaviarasu Munian (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology), Fishes (Ecology),
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Lim Boo Liat (Dr.)
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Reptiles (Ecology), Rodents (Ecology), Amphibians (Ecology),
Biodiversity, Ecosystems & Invasive Alien Species
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Mohammad Shahfiz Azman (Mr.)
Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
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Amphibians, Mammals, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Awareness, Biodiversity, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Forest, Landscape, Law and Policy, Management, Protected Areas, Science, Systematics, Invasive Alien Species, Like-Minded Megadiverse Countries (LMMC), National Policy on Biological Diversity, Policy, Research and Development (R&D) & Zoonotic
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Mohd Abdul Muin Bin Md Akil (Mr.)
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
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Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Snakes,
Biodiversity, Conservation, Evolution, Genetics, Molecular, Protected Areas, Climate Change & Invasive Alien Species
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Mohd Zulfadli Bin Mohd Arshad (Mr.)
Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN)
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Rodents (Taxonomy), Reptiles,
Molecular, Biodiversity & Science
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Norhayati Binti Ahmad (Prof. Dr.)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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Frogs and Toads, Snakes, Amphibians, Reptiles,
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Teo Eng Wah (Dr.)
University of Malaya (UM)
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Reptiles, Amphibians,
Invasive Alien Species
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PM - Peninsular Malaysia; SBH - Sabah; SWK - Sarawak; SEA - Southeast Asia; W - World;
References
Article
- Chan, K.O., Lee Grismer, L., Shahrul Anuar, M.S., Quah, E.S.H., Grismer, J.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Mohd Abdul Muin, M.A. & Norhayati, A. (2011). A new species of Chiromantis Peters 1854 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Perlis State Park in extreme northern Peninsular Malaysia with additional herpetofaunal records for the park. Russian Journal of Herpetology 18 (4), 253-259
- Lee Grismer, L., Chan, K.O., Grismer, J.L., Wood Jr., P.L. & Norhayati, A. (2010). A Checklist of the Herpetofauna of the Banjaran Bintang, Peninsular Malaysia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17 (2), 147-160. http://biodiversity.fbb.utm.my/izoo/sites/default/files/A%20checklist%20of%20the%20herpetofauna%20of%20Banjaran%20Bintang,%20Peninsular%20Malaysia.pdf
- Lim, B.L., Noor Alif Wira, O., Chan, K.O., Daicus, B. & Norhayati, A. (2010). An Updated Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Pulau Singa Besar, Langkawi, Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal 39 (1), 13-23. https://www.researchgate.net
- Lim, K.K.P. & Lim, L.J. (1999). The Terrestrial Herpetofauna of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplements (6), 131-155
- Murphy, J.C., Voris, H.K. & Karns, D.R. (1994). A Field Guide and Key to the Snakes of the Danum Valley, A Bornean Tropical Forest Ecosystem. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society , Vol. 29 (7), 133-151
- Norshaqinah, A., Muzneena, A.M., Senawi, J. & Norhayati, A. (2018). Distribution and abundance of vertebrate animal road-kills on Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal. , 9
Book
- Guideline: Management of Snakebite, 2017. Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Malaysian Naturalist, Volume 74, Issue/No. 4, 2021. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 311.
- Panduan Pengendalian Reptilia Berbisa (Ular). Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. pp. 75.
- Snake Farm Exhibition, 2010. Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Thailand. pp. 97.
- Abdul Rahman, A.R., Mohd Nasir, A.H., Mohamed Zin, Y., Richard, A.M. & Latiff, A. (2013). Banjaran Bintang Gunung Inas, Kedah: Pengurusan Hutan, Persekitaran Fizikal dan Kepelbagaian Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 245.
- Chua, L.S.L. (2021). Biodiversity Assessment and Monitoring Protocol in the Central Forest Spine Landscape. Forest Research Institute Malaysia. pp. 120. — [ Adobe PDF (PDF) ]
- Das, I. (2010). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK), England. pp. 369.
- Das, I. (2012). A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-east Asia : Including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, England. pp. 70-71; 160 pg.
- Hazebroek, H.P., Adlin, T.Z. & Sinun, W. (2011). Danum Valley: The Rain Forest. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Malaysia. pp. 615.
- Lee Grismer, L. (2005). Amphibians and Reptiles of the Tioman Archipelago, Malaysia. Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 215.
- Malkmus, R., Mantley, U., Vogel, G., Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. (2002). Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). Gantner Verlag, Germany. pp. 424.
- Marlon, R., Supriatna, J., Liswanto, D., Baskoro, K., Putra, S. & Patty, H.R. (2014). Panduan Visual dan Identifikasi Lapangan: 107+ Ular Indonesia. Indonesia Nature & Wildlife Publishing, Indonesia. pp. 251.
- Nee, T. A. & Norhayati, N. (2018). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 3rd Edition, Volume 3. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 174.
- Norhayati, A., Daicus, B. & Chan, K.O. (2021). Ular Darat Malaysia / Land Snakes of Malaysia. Penerbit UKM, Malaysia. pp. 100.
- Praveena, B.K. & Maria Arlene, J.A.S. (2013). Compendium of Facts and Figures. 2nd Edition. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia. pp. 161.
- Rusli, N., Marlon, R., Lilley, R., Ekariyono, W. & Laister, A. (2016). Mengenal Ular Jabodetabek - Snakes of Jakarta and Its Surroundings. Ciliwung Reptile Center, Jakarta, Indonesia. pp. 168.
- Shaharuddin, M.I., Che, H.H., Mohd. Puat, Dahalan, Jalil, M.S., Norhaidi, Y. & Latiff, A. (2005). Hutan Simpan Ulu Muda, Kedah: Pengurusan, Persekitaran Fizikal Dan Biologi. Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia. pp. 310.
- Sibunruang, S., Suteparuk, S. & Sitprija, V. (2013). Manual of Practical Management of Snake-bites and Animal Toxin Injury. Bangkok: Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Thailand. pp. 88.
Chapter in book
- Das, I. & Norsham, S.Y. (2007). Status of Knowledge of The Malaysia Herpetofauna. In Chua, L.S.L., Kirton, L.G. & Saw, L.G. (Eds.), Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia: Proceedings of the Seminar and Workshop, 28-30 June 2005. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM). pp. 31-81.
Publications
Acknowledgements :- Mr. Abdul Razak Mohd Nor Rasid, Mr. Ahmad Amir Firdaus Bin Mad Apandi, Ms. Aida Salihah Binti Abu Bakar, Mrs. Aziemah Binti Kinan, Mr. Badrul Amin Bin Jaffar, Ms. Fatin Farisha Binti Mohd Jamil, Ms. Noor Amira Aini Binti Noor Anwar, Ms. Nor Liyana Binti Hassan, Ms. Norazah Binti Norddin, Mrs. Nur Hazwanie Binti Abd Halim, Ms. Nurfarhana Hizan Binti Hijas, Ms. Nurul Aimi Amirah Binti Mohd Zaki, Ms. Siti Zubaidah Binti Abdul Latif, Mr. Tan Kok Kiat, Mrs. Wan Roniza Binti Ismil & Mr. Yasser Mohamed Arifin
Photo credit :- Daicus Belabut, Fairuz Nur Adilah Binti Mohamad Nor & Norhayati Binti Ahmad
Species Citation :- Gonyosoma oxycephalum. Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS). Accessed via https://www.mybis.gov.my/sp/9916. [Retrieved 08 December 2022].
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